Nervous System Flashcards
What are the main divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system: all neurons outside CNS
What are the types of neurons?
Multipolar
Bipolar
Psuedo
Neuroglia characteristics
Supporting cells for neurons
More numerous then neurons
Can divide to produce more cells
5 types
Sensory receptors
Pick up stimuli
In your skin
Sensory neurons
Send stimulus to interneurons in spinal cord
Interneurons neuron
Located in the CNS and connect to motor neurons
Process stimuli
Efferent neurons
Send response to effector
Effector
Muscle, gland, organ. Whatever is receiving signal from efferent neurons.
What is the most important part of the brain and why?
The Brian stem because it contains the midbrain, Pons, and medulla oblongata
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, sneezing, and balance
What does the Pons regulate?
Breathing, chewing, salivation, swallowing
What is the diencephalon composed of?
Thalamus, hypothalamus
What does the hypothalamus regulate?
Controls pituitary gland, homeostasis, body temp, thirst, hunger, fear, rage, and sexual emotions
What does the cerebrum control?
Thinking, processing, personality, communication, remembering, understanding, and initiates involuntary movements
What are sulci?
What are gyri?
Sulci- the indentations or “channels” on the surface of the brain
Gyri- the tops of the “channels”
What does the frontal lobe control?
Controls voluntary motor functions, aggression, moods, and smell
What does the parietal lobe do?
Evaluates sensory input such as touch, pain, pressure, temp, and taste
What does the occipital lobe control?
Vision
What does the temporal lobe control?
Hearing, smell, memory
What Cerebellum
C
Resting Neurons
- the plasma membrane at rest is polarized
- fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell
Resting membrane potential
The inside of the membrane is slightly more negative than the outside
How do voltage gates sodium channels work?
The gate open when there’s a change in voltage which causes NA+ to come in
