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Chemistry > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the heist point the way you called

A

It’s crest

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

A wave is described as a periodic back-and-forth motion that transmits energy

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2
Q

What is the lowest part of the wave called

A

The trough

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3
Q

What is a wavelength

A

A wavelength is the distance between any two corresponding points on successive waves for example crest to crest

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4
Q

What is the amplitude wave

A

The amplitude of the wave can be thought of as a measure of the waves strength the amplitude of a wave has to do with the waves hight it is equal to half the vertical distance between the crust in the trough

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5
Q

What is frequency of the wave

A

The frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves crest plus trough that passes by a point in a given time

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6
Q

What is the standard industry units for a frequency

A

The hertz HZ

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7
Q

What is the speed of the wave

A

The speed of a wavy simply the rate at which a wave travels

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8
Q

How fast does sound travel through air

A

Sound travels through air at a rate of 740 mph

331 m/s at ST P

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9
Q

What is the fastest wave and what is it speed

A

The fastest ways are lightwaves and they travel at the speed of more than 186,000 mi./s

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10
Q

What is the formula for a wave

A

P = λf

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11
Q

What’s is used for velocity

A

V

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12
Q

What’s symbol is used for wavelength

A

λ

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13
Q

What does the F stand for in the formula

P=λf

A

Frequency

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14
Q

Who propose the particle theory of light

A

Isaac Newton in 1704

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15
Q

Who proposed the wave theory of light

A

Christian Huygens

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16
Q

Who propose the electromagnetic theory of light

A

James clerk Maxwell in 1860

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17
Q

What is electromagnetic wave

A

There is an electric field and magnetic field vibrating at right angles to each other these two fields act together as a single wave

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18
Q

Which wave can travel through empty space?

A

Electromagnetic wave

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19
Q

What is the speed of all electromagnetic waves?

A

3.00×10(8) m/s In a vacuum

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20
Q

What symbol is used to denote electromagnetic waves including light

A

c

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21
Q

What is the exact speed of light in a vacuum

A

C=299,792,458 m/s (Exactly)

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22
Q

What is one the fundamental constants of the universe

A

The speed of light never changes or varies in a vacuum

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23
Q

What is the mathematical formula for the electromagnetic wave

A

C=λf

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24
Q

Because see which represents the electromagnetic wave is constant what is the relationship between the wavelength and the frequency?

A

Inverse relationship

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25
Q

Long wavelength electromagnetic waves must have a what frequency?

A

Low Frequency

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26
Q

Short wavelengths have what type of frequency?

A

Hi frequency

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27
Q

What is the shortest frequency of the electromagnetic radiation range

A

20 Hz

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28
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

The electromagnetic spectrum is the arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength

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29
Q

Who showed that lite has a characteristics of both particles and waves

A

Max Planck in 1900 and Albert Einstein in 1905

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30
Q

What is the dual nature of light

A

Light has both the wave nature and a particle nature

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31
Q

What is Quanta ?

A

The small bundles or packets of energy found in electromagnetic radiation or called Quanta

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32
Q

What is the individual quantum of light

A

Photons

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33
Q

According to the quantum theory of light each quantum has a specific quantity of energy which is proportional to its what

A

Frequency

34
Q

What is the quantum theory of light

A

The quantum theory lite states that like consists of tiny bundles or packets called photons the amount of energy a photon contains depends upon its frequency

35
Q

What is the definition of light

A

Tiny bundles or packets of energy traveling as electromagnetic waves

36
Q

What is an interesting ramification of the quantum theory

A

The energy of a photon is quantized or restricted to only certain values all of which are whole numbers multiples of a basic unit

37
Q

What symbol is used to denote the energy content of a photon?

A

E

38
Q

What is the formula for the energy content of a photon is it relates to his frequency?

A

E=hf

39
Q

What does the h stand for in the energy constant formula

A

H is a constant known as Plankton’s constant

40
Q

What is the value of Plankton’s constant

A

6.63×10 to the -34 J• S

41
Q

The energy of the photon is always what?

A

A whole number multiple of H (Plankton’s constant)

42
Q

What is the wave-particle duality?

A

The two-sided nature of light where light behaves as a wave in one experiment but can behave as a particle in another

43
Q

What is a spectrometer

A

An instrument used in the laboratory to separate colors further and study them in more detail

44
Q

What is a line spectrum

A

A Spectrum that passes am electrical current through a gas under low pressure that produce a line spectrum Which contains only certain colors or wavelengths

45
Q

What is a continuous spectrum

A

Expecting containing a complete array of colors

46
Q

What was wrong with Rutherford’s model of the Adam

A

According to his theory the electron would eventually lose energy and spiral into the nucleus Thereby resulting destruction of the Adam

47
Q

Who proposed a new model of the Atom

A

Bohr Proposed a new model of the Adam explaining both why the lines of hydrogen spectrum are mathematically related and why the Adam does not self-destruct

48
Q

What was Bohes model of the Atom?

A

He proposed that the electron in the hydrogen Adam can move about the nucleus only in a specific orbit. There are limited number of orbits around the nucleus. As long is it stayed within this given orbit it could not radiate nor lose any energy

49
Q

What are the specific orbits in Bohrs model of the Atom called?

A

Energy levels

50
Q

What is the expression (formula) of the orbits of energy in Bohrs model of the Atom?

A

E = -J
—–
n ^(2)

51
Q

If Jay’s the constant in the formula for energy level what does n stand for?

A

N is an Integer known as quantum number

52
Q

Why is Jay negative in the energy level formula

A

Because potential energy is lowest when and is smaller. Also stated when you like trying is closest to the nucleus

53
Q

What is the lowest energy state of an hydrogen atom?

A

Ground state.

54
Q

What is the value of ground state?

A

n = 1

55
Q

What are all the higher energy states called

A

Excited states

56
Q

Is it possible for an electron in the Bohr’s model to have an energy that does not correspond to one of its orbits why?

A

No,Electrons must be in one of the corresponding orbits and therefore cannot exist in between.

57
Q

What is needed to promote an electron from one energy state to another

A

A definite amount of energy is needed

58
Q

What level is considered the most stable for an electron

A

The most stable level of energy for an electron is when it is in its ground state

59
Q

What is the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one orbit to another

A

The energy required to move an electron is the difference in energy from the excited shell to the ground state

60
Q

What is the formula for energy of radiation

A

E2 -E1 = hf

61
Q

Does the photon emit or absorb energy when it’s electron moves from the ground state to the excited state?

A

Absorbs energy

62
Q

Does the photon emit or absorb energy when it’s electron moves from the excited state back down to the ground state

A

The photon emits energy when elect on goes from he excited state to ground state

63
Q

What happens to the energy emitted from the photon when you it’s electron falls from the excited state to n= 2 state?

A

It accounts for all the lines in the Visible spectrum of the hydrogen spectrum

64
Q

What happens to the energy emitted from a photon who’s electrons are falling from the excited state to ground state, n=1

A

This action accounts for all the lines in the ultraviolet region of hydrogen spectrum

65
Q

What proves that hydrogen atoms must have a specific energy level

A

The line spectrum proves that hydrogen atoms have specific energy levels if electrons could have any energy a continuous spectrum would be the result

66
Q

Since the energy level of each state is quantized which photons can be absorbed the electrons is promoted to a higher energy state

A

Only photons of the correct energy. ( or photons on a specific orbit). Electrons on different orbits require different amounts of energy to move to a higher more excited state)

67
Q

Brogue wave model proposed what type of waves? Electromagnetic?

A

No Matter waves

68
Q

What is the equation for the wavelength of matter waves

A

λ = h
—-
mv

69
Q

What does H and M in the stand for in the equation for wavelength in matter waves

A 
H = Planck's constant, m =  mass,
v =  velocity.  mv = the objects Momentum
70
Q

Does The wave particle duality of nature apply to always and all particles or just waves or just particles

A

The wave particle duality applies to all waves and all particles

71
Q

What is a standing wave

A

The standing wave is an Atom who’s electron in orbit behaves as a three dimensional matter wave containing an Intercal number of wavelengths in orbit

72
Q

What would happen to a wave not containing an Intercal number of waves

A

A wave not containing an Intercal number of waves would cancel it self out by destructive interference

73
Q

Who proposed the standing wave

A

Erwin Schrodinger in 1926 Combined the Bohr model with de Broglis hypothesis

74
Q

What is the uncertainty principle

A

The uncertainty principle states it is impossible to simultaneously determine the momentum (mass times velocity) and the position of an electron with precision

75
Q

What are orbitals?

A

Orbits are regions in which electron orbits the nucleus of an atom

76
Q

Why is Borns model often called the electron cloud model!

A

Because an orbital is commonly represented as a cloud in which a dot .indicates the probability of finding an electron within this cloud. therefore the model is referred to as the Electron cloud model

77
Q

What is an orbital

A

A region in space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron

78
Q

Define orbit?

A

A definite path in space

79
Q

Who proposed the theory of wave particle duality

A

Albert Einstein

80
Q

What is another name of wave Particle duality

A

The quantum theory of light

81
Q

Who developed the concept of matter waves

A

Louis de Broglie

82
Q

What did Bohr introduced to the Atom that had never been introduced before

A

Energy level

83
Q

Bohrs model of the atom included what

A

Energy levdls

Chemistry (11 decks)

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