Nervous System Flashcards
Nissl
RER and polyribosomes. Membrane bound and unbound protein synthesis.
Dendrites
Provide the input to the neuron. Often multiple.
Axon
Single. Long or short. Usually branches. Ends in swells called terminal boutons or arborization. Participate in synapses with dendrites, cell bodies, or axons. Neurofilaments (intermediate) provide structural support and microtubules are for transport of proteins from cell body to the axon terminal.
Axon Hillock
The initial portion of an axon.
Synapse
Axodendritic (often on spines), Axosomatic, Axoaxonic. Transmitters are inhibitory, excitatory, and modulatory. All about the receptor type. Receptors are ligand gated or metabotropic.
PNS Myelination
Recognition proteins on surface of Schwann cells. Binding glycoproteins on the outside of Schwann cell membrane resulting in binding and packing of the outer membrane. Cytoplasm squeezed out of adjacent wraps. Other proteins result in tight packing of inner membrane. Gap junctions develop. Mutation results in peripheral neuropathy. Autoimmune. Inner membrane has greatest protein concentration.
Saltatory Conduction
Signals jumping between node of Ranvier.
Meissner’s Corpuscles
Transduce touch. Tactile, light pressure.
Pacinian Corpuscles
Specialized receptor with a sensory nerve fiber at it’s core. Surrounded by delicate CT. Deep pressure and vibration.
Free Nerve Endings
Pain, temperature sense.
Motor Nerve Endings
Motor end plate, end of motor axon on skeletal muscle. Myoneural junctions.
Cortex
Surface of the brain. Contains grey matter.
Brain Ventricles
Chambers within the brain.
Glia
Non-neurlated cells. About 10/neuron. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia.
Astrocytes
Maintain normal interstitial environment, remove excess ions and neurotransmitters, make GF, and induce formation of the blood-brain barrier. Derived from macroglia. Protoplasmic and fibrous. Fleshy and thin. Induce tight junctions at the blood brain barrier.
