Nervous System Flashcards
Most common neuron. Multiple nerve cell processes extend from cell body
Multi polar neuron
Composed of thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Diencephalon
Forebrain
Prosencephalon
Composed of the habenula and pineal gland
Epithalamus
Three layers of connective tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Regulates body temperature, food and water intake, sleep and circadian rhythms, emotional responses and memory
Hypothalamus
Major processing and relay center for information entering the cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus
Forms Pons and cerebellum
Metencephalon
Medulla oblongata
Myelencephalon
Forms the cerebrum
Telencephalon
Midbrain
Mesencephalon
Hindbrain
Rhombencephalon
Outside portion of the cerebrum. Conscious thought.
Cerebral cortex (gray matter)
Responsible for muscle movement, morals, emotion, expression
Frontal lobe
Tightly adherent to the inner surface of the skull. Most superficial layer of the Dura
Periosteal layer
Inner portion of the Dura
Meningeal layer
Formed at sites where the Periosteal and meningeal layers of Dura are split. Collect the venous blood from brain
Dural venous sinuses
Composed of a thin transparent membrane that is normally in direct contact with the overlying dura
Arachnoid mater
Produces CSF. Consists of specialized ependymal cells, their associated blood vessels and connective tissues
Choroid plexus
Circulates freely through the ventricles of the brain, center of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space
Cerebrospinal fluid
Coordinates motor activities. Composed of hemispheres with many folds
Cerebellum
Relay center between the midbrain and the limbic system
Habenula
Important role in visual and auditory reflexes
Midbrain
Two nerve processes extend directly from cell body. Uncommon
Bipolar neurons
Attachment point for cerebellar hemispheres. Prominent anterior bulge. Contains fiber tracts
Pons
Contains nuclei concerned with respiration, blood pressure and heartbeat
Medulla oblongata
Responsible for taste
Parietal lobe
Responsible for hearing, memory, and emotions
Temporal lobe
Do not participate directly in synaptic interactions. Form myelin, provides nutrients to neurons, destroy pathogens
Neuroglial cells
Single short process. Fusion of two processes into one long axon. Most sensory neurons
Uni-polar neuron
CNS glial cell that provide support to neurons. Helps form blood brain barrier
Astrocyte
CNS glial cell that fight off pathogens
Microglia
CNS glial cell that lines ventricles and spinal cord. Produces and circulates CSF
Ependymal
CNS glial cell that myelinates axon
Oligodendrocyte
Monitors where body is in space. balance
Propioceptors
Internal stimulus. Thirst, hunger, discomfort
Interceptors
External stimulus. Senses
Exteroceptors
Responds to pressure changes
Baroreceptors
Responds to potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain
Nociceptors
Contains collections of myelinated fibers
White matter
Mostly nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
Gray matter
Neuron cell processes in PNS
Nerves
Neuron cell processes in the CNS
Tracts
Clusters of cell bodies in PNS
Ganglia
Cluster of cell bodies in CNS
Nuclei
