Nervous system Flashcards
Peripheral NS division
Somatic, autonomic
Central NS anatomical
Brain and spinal
Autonomic divisions
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Afferent division
Send info to CNS. Sensory receptors on cells
Efferent division
Transmits info from CNS sent back to organs
Somatic nerves
Innervate skeletal muscles voluntary
Visceral nerves
Inner ate glands, smooth and cardiac muscle involuntary
Soma
Cell body, processing center
Dendrites
Receivers of signals from body
Axon
Senders of outgoing messages from CNS to body
Perikaryon
Cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus
Neurofilaments and neurotubules
Extend into dendrites for support of the cell
Nissel bodies
RER, gives brain its overall gray color
Axoplasm
Cytoplasm of the axon
Stolen a
Membrane of the axon
- complicated with lots of gates
- phospholipid bilayer
Axon hillock
Where the axon joins with soma
Collaterals
Branching of axon
Telodendria
Ending of collaterals
Synapse
A spot where a neuron meets another cell
Presynaptic cell
Sends the a.p. Thru its axon, neurotransmitters, released, a neuron
Post synaptic
Bonds the neurotransmitter, could be another neuron, a muscle cell, a gland cell
Axoplasmic transport
Need to move materials along axon
Movement can be: axo
Fast stream or slow stream
Anterograde or retrograde
Rabies
Viral infection
What happens when you get bitten by a wild raccoon
Rabies virus gets into your peripheral nerves
It travels from PNS to CNS by retrograde flow
Axaxonic
No real distinction between dendrite and axon, tiny, unsure of functions
Unipolar
Dendrite and axon fused. Soma off to the side, sensory neurons in PNS m, longest axons- tips of toes to spinal cord
Bipolar
One very branched dendrite, one long axon, cell body inbetween, act as receptor cells, retina in eye and olfactory mucosa, smaller than uni and multi
Multipolar
2 or more dendrites and one axon, most common neuronal type in CNS, motor neurons
Sciatic nerve
Longest cell in human body, tips of toes to spinal cord
What gives the brain its what appearance
Myelinated axons
Brain tumors
Neurons do not divide- no mitosis due to lack of centrioles
Heavy metal poisoning
Makes you go crazy
Lead
Comes from the Roman Empire
Mercury
Issac Newton and mad hatter
Birth defects from mercury in fish consumed during pregnancy
Diphtheria
Contaminated water
Toxin attacks Schwann cells in PNS
Injuries kidneys, lungs, adrenals
Vaccines exist
Multiple sclerosis
Hits in 30s
Myelin hardens, forms sclerotic patches
Common to optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord
Episodic and progressive
More common if live in collar and temperate climates
Giuliain-Burre
Lose control of limbs, then trunk
Immune response after a viral infection
Reversible demyelination
Resting potential of thyroid
-50 Mac
What’s the neuron’s resting potentials
-70mV
How do we maintain unequal charge
Channels
Sensory movement
Afferent divisions of PNS
10 plus million
Visceral sensory neuron’s
Collect info about internal body environment
Somatic sensory neuron’s
Collect info, about external environment and body movement
Exterceptors
Monitor touch pressure temp sight smell and hearing
Proprioceptors
Monitor joints and muscles
Interceptors
Monitor digestion urinary reproductive pain taste
Motor neurons
Efferent division of PNS
Send directions from CNS to muscle and glands
Visceral motor neurons
Smooth muscle Cardiac, glands, fat
Somatic motor neuron
Skeletal
Interneurons
Most located in CNS
20 billion in body
Association cells
The middle men
A) distribute sensory info
B) coordinate motor signals
Astrocytes
Most numerous in CNS
Directs growth of neurons
Compose BBB
Ependymal cells
Make and circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinated the CNS making internodes
Gaps in myelin called
Modes of Ranvier
Microglia
Police force of CNS
Satellite cell
Monitor environment of cell
Like
A strictest in CNS by function
Schwann cells
Myelinate axons in PNS
Act like Oligos in CNS
Leak channels
Passive, always open, maintains resting potential
Gated channels
Active, open in response to stimulus changes the resting potentials= depolarize depolarizers the cell
Interneurons
Most located in CNS
20 billion in body
Association cells
The middle men
A) distribute sensory info
B) coordinate motor signals
Astrocytes
Most numerous in CNS
Directs growth of neurons
Compose BBB
Ependymal cells
Make and circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinated the CNS making internodes
Gaps in myelin called
Modes of Ranvier
Microglia
Police force of CNS
Satellite cell
Monitor environment of cell
Like
A strictest in CNS by function
Schwann cells
Myelinate axons in PNS
Act like Oligos in CNS