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Anatomy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

0
Q

Peripheral NS division

A

Somatic, autonomic

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1
Q

Central NS anatomical

A

Brain and spinal

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2
Q

Autonomic divisions

A

Sympathetic division

Parasympathetic division

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3
Q

Afferent division

A

Send info to CNS. Sensory receptors on cells

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4
Q

Efferent division

A

Transmits info from CNS sent back to organs

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5
Q

Somatic nerves

A

Innervate skeletal muscles voluntary

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6
Q

Visceral nerves

A

Inner ate glands, smooth and cardiac muscle involuntary

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7
Q

Soma

A

Cell body, processing center

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8
Q

Dendrites

A

Receivers of signals from body

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9
Q

Axon

A

Senders of outgoing messages from CNS to body

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10
Q

Perikaryon

A

Cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus

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11
Q

Neurofilaments and neurotubules

A

Extend into dendrites for support of the cell

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12
Q

Nissel bodies

A

RER, gives brain its overall gray color

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13
Q

Axoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of the axon

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14
Q

Stolen a

A

Membrane of the axon

  • complicated with lots of gates
  • phospholipid bilayer
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15
Q

Axon hillock

A

Where the axon joins with soma

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16
Q

Collaterals

A

Branching of axon

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17
Q

Telodendria

A

Ending of collaterals

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18
Q

Synapse

A

A spot where a neuron meets another cell

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19
Q

Presynaptic cell

A

Sends the a.p. Thru its axon, neurotransmitters, released, a neuron

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20
Q

Post synaptic

A

Bonds the neurotransmitter, could be another neuron, a muscle cell, a gland cell

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21
Q

Axoplasmic transport

A

Need to move materials along axon

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22
Q

Movement can be: axo

A

Fast stream or slow stream

Anterograde or retrograde

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23
Q

Rabies

A

Viral infection

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24
Q

What happens when you get bitten by a wild raccoon

A

Rabies virus gets into your peripheral nerves

It travels from PNS to CNS by retrograde flow

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25
Q

Axaxonic

A

No real distinction between dendrite and axon, tiny, unsure of functions

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26
Q

Unipolar

A

Dendrite and axon fused. Soma off to the side, sensory neurons in PNS m, longest axons- tips of toes to spinal cord

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27
Q

Bipolar

A

One very branched dendrite, one long axon, cell body inbetween, act as receptor cells, retina in eye and olfactory mucosa, smaller than uni and multi

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28
Q

Multipolar

A

2 or more dendrites and one axon, most common neuronal type in CNS, motor neurons

29
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Longest cell in human body, tips of toes to spinal cord

30
Q

What gives the brain its what appearance

A

Myelinated axons

31
Q

Brain tumors

A

Neurons do not divide- no mitosis due to lack of centrioles

32
Q

Heavy metal poisoning

A

Makes you go crazy

33
Q

Lead

A

Comes from the Roman Empire

34
Q

Mercury

A

Issac Newton and mad hatter

Birth defects from mercury in fish consumed during pregnancy

35
Q

Diphtheria

A

Contaminated water
Toxin attacks Schwann cells in PNS
Injuries kidneys, lungs, adrenals
Vaccines exist

36
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Hits in 30s
Myelin hardens, forms sclerotic patches
Common to optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord
Episodic and progressive
More common if live in collar and temperate climates

37
Q

Giuliain-Burre

A

Lose control of limbs, then trunk
Immune response after a viral infection
Reversible demyelination

38
Q

Resting potential of thyroid

39
Q

What’s the neuron’s resting potentials

40
Q

How do we maintain unequal charge

41
Q

Sensory movement

A

Afferent divisions of PNS

10 plus million

42
Q

Visceral sensory neuron’s

A

Collect info about internal body environment

43
Q

Somatic sensory neuron’s

A

Collect info, about external environment and body movement

44
Q

Exterceptors

A

Monitor touch pressure temp sight smell and hearing

45
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Monitor joints and muscles

46
Q

Interceptors

A

Monitor digestion urinary reproductive pain taste

47
Q

Motor neurons

A

Efferent division of PNS

Send directions from CNS to muscle and glands

48
Q

Visceral motor neurons

A

Smooth muscle Cardiac, glands, fat

49
Q

Somatic motor neuron

50
Q

Interneurons

A

Most located in CNS

20 billion in body

51
Q

Association cells

A

The middle men
A) distribute sensory info
B) coordinate motor signals

52
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most numerous in CNS
Directs growth of neurons
Compose BBB

53
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Make and circulate CSF

54
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelinated the CNS making internodes

55
Q

Gaps in myelin called

A

Modes of Ranvier

56
Q

Microglia

A

Police force of CNS

57
Q

Satellite cell

A

Monitor environment of cell
Like
A strictest in CNS by function

58
Q

Schwann cells

A

Myelinate axons in PNS

Act like Oligos in CNS

59
Q

Leak channels

A

Passive, always open, maintains resting potential

60
Q

Gated channels

A

Active, open in response to stimulus changes the resting potentials= depolarize depolarizers the cell

61
Q

Interneurons

A

Most located in CNS

20 billion in body

62
Q

Association cells

A

The middle men
A) distribute sensory info
B) coordinate motor signals

63
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most numerous in CNS
Directs growth of neurons
Compose BBB

64
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Make and circulate CSF

65
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelinated the CNS making internodes

66
Q

Gaps in myelin called

A

Modes of Ranvier

67
Q

Microglia

A

Police force of CNS

68
Q

Satellite cell

A

Monitor environment of cell
Like
A strictest in CNS by function

69
Q

Schwann cells

A

Myelinate axons in PNS

Act like Oligos in CNS

Anatomy (14 decks)

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