nervous system Flashcards
tract CNS or PNS, define
CNS, white matter collection of nerve fibers, contains nuclei
Nucleus CNS or PNS? what is it?
CNS gray matter, collection of neural cell bodies
Ganglion CNS or PNS? define?
PNS, collection of nerve bodies
Peripheral Nerves CNS or PNS? define?
PNS, collection of nerve fibers, cranial nerves or spinal nerves
Where does the spinal cord begin and end?
Medulla is where it begins, and it ends at the L1, L2 vetebrae
which part of the spine has the greatest amount of white mater? gray mater?
Cervical has the most white mater, Lumbar has the most gray mater
3 layers of Menings? which is the most superficial?
Dural, Arachnoid, Pia
Dural is the most superficial, Pia is the most deep
What forms the Filum Terminale?
The Pia mater
dentricular ligaments
sheets of pia mater which serves a few functions:
it separates the ventral and dorsal roots
attaches the spinal cord to the dural sac
what are the 3 connective tissue coverings?
Epineurium, Perineurium, Endouriurm
what does the Epineurium cover?
bundles of muscle fascicles
What does perineurium cover?
covers a single fascicle
what does the endoneurium cover?
covers a single nerve cell
where is the cervical enlargement?
C3 to T1
Where is the lumbar enlargement?
L1 to S2
where do you find of the Brachial Plexus?
Anterior rami of C5 to C8 and T1
SCM Superior attachment
Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line.
SCM Inferior attachment
Sternal head: Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head: Superior surface of medial third of clavicle
SCM innervation
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), C2, C3 nerves
SCM actions?
Unilateral: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilateral: Extends neck at the atlanto occipital joint, flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches the manubrium, extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level.
With the cervical vertebrae fixed may elevate manubrium and medial end of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration.
Scalene Anterior origin
Anterior turbercles of transvers processes C3-C6
Scalene anterior insertion
first rib
Scalene anterior innervation
ventral ramus of C4 to C6
Scalene anterior action
When the neck is fixed, elevates the first rib to aid in breathing or when the rib is fixed, flexes neck laterally
