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KIN 3320 > Nervous System 2 > Flashcards

Nervous System 2 Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

What divides the two lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

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2
Q

How are the two lateral ventricles connected

A

Through the interventricular foramen, in the third ventricle

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3
Q

What connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

What stabilizes the shape and position of the brain?

A

the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

surround the brain and act as shock absorbers

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the cranial dura mater?

A

Periosteal cranial dura (outermost)
Meningeal cranial dura (innermost) - folds and extends into the cranial cavities at four locations to support the brain and limit movement.
Separated by space containing interstitial fluid and blood vessels, and dural sinuses

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6
Q

What are dural sinuses?

A

located between the two dura mater layers (periosteal cranial dura and meningeal cranial dura). Act as large collecting veins where veins of the brain empty into the sinuses to be transported to the jugular veins of the neck.

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7
Q

What are the four extensions of the Meningeal cranial dura?

A

Falx cerebri - fold between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure. Houses the superior and interior sagittal sinuses
Tentorium cerebelli - separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum, and supports the occipital lobes if the cerebrum. Houses the transverse sinus.
Falx Cerebelli - divides the two cerebellar hemispheres
Diaphragma Sellae

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8
Q

What Cranial nerves have a nuclei in the Pons?

A
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9
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculi?

A
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10
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculi?

A
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11
Q

What cranial nerves have a nuclei in the Midbrain?

A
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12
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon and their main functions?

A

Epithalamus - contains pineal gland
Thalamus - sensory information relay and processing centres
Hypothalamus - Visceral control, emotion, autonomic nervous system, hormone production, passage for pituitary

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13
Q

What are the main functions of the cerebellum?

A

Adjust motor activities based on sensory information, and memories from learned movement

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14
Q

What does the Cerebellum connect to?

A

Cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the midbrain, diencephalon, and cerebrum (superior peduncles), pons (middle peduncles), and medulla oblongata and spinal cord (inferior peduncles)

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15
Q

What connective tissue structure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum? What is found in this structure?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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16
Q

What structure partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

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17
Q

What would happen with a dysfunctional cerebellum?

A

uncoordinated movement, motor programs

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18
Q

What is Ataxia?

A
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19
Q

What is hemispheric lateralization

A

each hemisphere is responsible for specific functions not included in other hemisphere

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20
Q

What is Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension. Plays role in personality through combining sensory information and memories

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21
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Speech production through regulation of breathing patterns and vocalization

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22
Q

Where does central white matter carry information to and from?

A

Association fibres - interconnect areas within one cortex hemisphere
Commissural fibres - connect two cerebral hemispheres
Projection fibres - connect to other regions of the brain and spinal cord

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23
Q

What are basal nuclei?

A
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24
What is the indicated structure?
Occipital Lobe
25
What is the indicated structure?
Parietal Lobe
26
What is the indicated structure?
Temporal Lobe
27
What is the indicated structure?
Anterior Commissure
28
What is the indicated structure?
Cerebral Aqueduct
29
What is the indicated structure?
Choroid Plexus
30
What is the indicated structure?
Corpus Callosum
31
What is the indicated structure?
Dura Mater
32
What is the indicated structure?
Fourth Ventricle
33
What is the indicated structure?
Lateral Ventricle
34
What is the indicated structure?
Mammillary Body
35
What is the indicated structure?
Medulla Oblongata
36
What is the indicated structure?
Midbrain
37
What is the indicated structure?
Oculomotor Nerve
38
What is this indicated structure?
Olfactory Nerve Endings
39
What is the indicated structure?
Optic Nerve
40
What is the indicated structure?
Pineal Gland
41
What is the indicated structure?
Pons
42
What is the indicated structure?
Septum Pellucidum
43
What is the indicated structure?
Spinal Cord
44
What is the indicated structure?
Tentorum Cerebelli
45
What is the indicated structure?
Third Ventricle
46
What is the indicated structure?
Central Canal
47
What is the indicated structure?
Cerebellum
48
What is the indicated structure?
Cerebral Aqueduct
49
What is the indicated structure?
Cerebrum
50
What is the indicated structure?
Diencephalon
51
What is the indicated structure?
Fornix
52
What is the indicated structure?
Hypothalamus
53
What is the indicated structure?
Interventricular Foramen
54
What is the indicated structure?
Mamillary Body
55
What is the indicated structure?
Medulla Oblongata
56
What is the indicated structure?
Midbrain
57
What is the indicated structure?
Optic Chaism
58
What is the indicated structure?
Pineal Gland
59
What is the indicated structure?
Pons
60
What is the indicated structure?
Posterior Commissure
61
What is the indicated structure?
Thalamus
62
What is the indicated structure?
Brainstem
63
What is the indicated structure?
Frontal Lobe
64
What is the indicated structure?
Limbic System
65
What is the indicated structure?
Occipital Lobe
66
What is the indicated structure?
Parietal Lobe
67
What is the indicated structure?
Primary Motor Cortex
68
What is the indicated structure?
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
69
What is the indicated structure?
Primary Visual Cortex
70
What are the three primary somatosensory tracts and their subdivisions?
Posterior Columns - Gracile Fasciculus - Cuneate Fasciculus Spinocerebellar Tracts - Posterior spinocerebellar tract - Anterior spinocerebellar tract Spinothalamic Tract - Lateral spinothalamic tract - Anterior spinothalamic tract
71
What sensations are included in the Gracile Fasciculus tract?
Proprioception Fine Touch Pressure Vibration *levels inferior to T6*
72
What sensations are included in the Cuneate Fasciculus tract?
Proprioception Fine Touch Pressure Vibration *levels superior to T6*
73
What sensations are included in the Anterior Spinothalamic tract?
Crude touch and pressure
74
What sensations are included in the Lateral Spinothalamic tract?
Pain and temperature
75
What sensations are included in the Anterior Spinocerebellar tract?
Proprioception
76
What sensations are included in the Posterior Spinocerebellar tract?
Proprioception
77
Which somatosensory tracts have a final destination in the Somatosensory cortex (on the opposite side)?
Posterior columns (Gracile Fasciculus and Cuneate Fasciculus) and Spinothalamic Tracts (Anterior spinothalamic and lateral spinothalamic)
78
Which somatosensory tracts have a final destination in the Cerebellar Cortex?
Anterior Spinocerebellar (same side) Posterior Spinocerebellar (mixed)
79
What is the final destination of the second-order neurons of the spinocerebellar tracts?
Posterior horns of the grey matter
80
What is the final destination of the third-order neurons of the spinothalamic tracts and posterior columns?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the Thalamus
81
Where are first order neuron cell bodies found?
Dorsal root ganglion
82
What is the function of corticospinal tracts?
Provide conscious motor control over skeletal muscle
83
What are the three corticospinal tracts?
Corticobulbar tracts Lateral Corticospinal Tracts Anterior Corticospinal Tracts
84
where are the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts?
Primary motor cortex
85
What is the destination and action of the Corticobulbar Tracts?
Lower motor neuron of cranial nerve nuclei in brain Move eyes, jaw, face, pharynx, and neck
86
What is the destination of the Lateral Corticospinal Tracts?
Lower motor neuron of anterior horns of the spinal cord ...
87
What is the destination of the Anterior Corticospinal Tracts?
Lower motor neuron of the anterior horns of the cervical and upper thoracic segments move neck, shoulder, upper limb
88
Where are the cell bodies of the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal tracts for somatic and visceral (autonomic) motor nervous system located?
Primary motor cortex
89
What is arachnoid granulation? what part of the meninges are they formed in?
Formed in the arachnoid mater CSF enters venous circulation
90
What is the difference between an epidural and subdural hematoma
Epidural hematoma is blood accumulation between the skull and dura mater, where a subdural hematoma is between the dura maters and arachnoid mater
91
What neuroglia are important for the blood-brain-barrier. What is the purpose?
The BBB maintains the environment within the CNS. Astrocytes secrete chemicals restricting permeability
92
What are the functions of CSF?
Preventing contact between structures Supporting the brain Transporting nutrients, chemicals, and wastes
93
What is the name of the structures that produces CSF? What are its components?
Choroid plexus
94
Describe the movements of CSF
Produced in lateral ventricles Flows into inverventricular foramina to their ventricle Flows into cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle Enters subarachnoid space via lateral apertures/median aperture Moved into venous return to jugular veins

KIN 3320 (4 decks)

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