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KIN 3320 > Nervous System 2 > Flashcards

Nervous System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the two lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

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2
Q

How are the two lateral ventricles connected

A

Through the interventricular foramen, in the third ventricle

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3
Q

What connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

What stabilizes the shape and position of the brain?

A

the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

surround the brain and act as shock absorbers

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the cranial dura mater?

A

Periosteal cranial dura (outermost)
Meningeal cranial dura (innermost) - folds and extends into the cranial cavities at four locations to support the brain and limit movement.
Separated by space containing interstitial fluid and blood vessels, and dural sinuses

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6
Q

What are dural sinuses?

A

located between the two dura mater layers (periosteal cranial dura and meningeal cranial dura). Act as large collecting veins where veins of the brain empty into the sinuses to be transported to the jugular veins of the neck.

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7
Q

What are the four extensions of the Meningeal cranial dura?

A

Falx cerebri - fold between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure. Houses the superior and interior sagittal sinuses
Tentorium cerebelli - separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum, and supports the occipital lobes if the cerebrum. Houses the transverse sinus.
Falx Cerebelli - divides the two cerebellar hemispheres
Diaphragma Sellae

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8
Q

What Cranial nerves have a nuclei in the Pons?

A
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9
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculi?

A
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10
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculi?

A
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11
Q

What cranial nerves have a nuclei in the Midbrain?

A
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12
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon and their main functions?

A

Epithalamus - contains pineal gland
Thalamus - sensory information relay and processing centres
Hypothalamus - Visceral control, emotion, autonomic nervous system, hormone production, passage for pituitary

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13
Q

What are the main functions of the cerebellum?

A

Adjust motor activities based on sensory information, and memories from learned movement

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14
Q

What does the Cerebellum connect to?

A

Cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the midbrain, diencephalon, and cerebrum (superior peduncles), pons (middle peduncles), and medulla oblongata and spinal cord (inferior peduncles)

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15
Q

What connective tissue structure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum? What is found in this structure?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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16
Q

What structure partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

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17
Q

What would happen with a dysfunctional cerebellum?

A

uncoordinated movement, motor programs

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18
Q

What is Ataxia?

A
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19
Q

What is hemispheric lateralization

A

each hemisphere is responsible for specific functions not included in other hemisphere

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20
Q

What is Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension. Plays role in personality through combining sensory information and memories

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21
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Speech production through regulation of breathing patterns and vocalization

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22
Q

Where does central white matter carry information to and from?

A

Association fibres - interconnect areas within one cortex hemisphere
Commissural fibres - connect two cerebral hemispheres
Projection fibres - connect to other regions of the brain and spinal cord

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23
Q

What are basal nuclei?

A
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24
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Occipital Lobe

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25
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Parietal Lobe

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26
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Temporal Lobe

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27
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Anterior Commissure

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28
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

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29
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Choroid Plexus

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30
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Corpus Callosum

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31
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Dura Mater

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32
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Fourth Ventricle

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33
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Lateral Ventricle

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34
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Mammillary Body

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35
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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36
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Midbrain

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37
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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38
Q

What is this indicated structure?

A

Olfactory Nerve Endings

39
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Optic Nerve

40
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Pineal Gland

41
Q

What is the indicated structure?

42
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Septum Pellucidum

43
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Spinal Cord

44
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Tentorum Cerebelli

45
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Third Ventricle

46
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Central Canal

47
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Cerebellum

48
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

49
Q

What is the indicated structure?

50
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Diencephalon

51
Q

What is the indicated structure?

52
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Hypothalamus

53
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Interventricular Foramen

54
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Mamillary Body

55
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Medulla Oblongata

56
Q

What is the indicated structure?

57
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Optic Chaism

58
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Pineal Gland

59
Q

What is the indicated structure?

60
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Posterior Commissure

61
Q

What is the indicated structure?

62
Q

What is the indicated structure?

63
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Frontal Lobe

64
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Limbic System

65
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Occipital Lobe

66
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Parietal Lobe

67
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Primary Motor Cortex

68
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

69
Q

What is the indicated structure?

A

Primary Visual Cortex

70
Q

What are the three primary somatosensory tracts and their subdivisions?

A

Posterior Columns
- Gracile Fasciculus
- Cuneate Fasciculus
Spinocerebellar Tracts
- Posterior spinocerebellar tract
- Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Spinothalamic Tract
- Lateral spinothalamic tract
- Anterior spinothalamic tract

71
Q

What sensations are included in the Gracile Fasciculus tract?

A

Proprioception
Fine Touch
Pressure
Vibration
levels inferior to T6

72
Q

What sensations are included in the Cuneate Fasciculus tract?

A

Proprioception
Fine Touch
Pressure
Vibration
levels superior to T6

73
Q

What sensations are included in the Anterior Spinothalamic tract?

A

Crude touch and pressure

74
Q

What sensations are included in the Lateral Spinothalamic tract?

A

Pain and temperature

75
Q

What sensations are included in the Anterior Spinocerebellar tract?

A

Proprioception

76
Q

What sensations are included in the Posterior Spinocerebellar tract?

A

Proprioception

77
Q

Which somatosensory tracts have a final destination in the Somatosensory cortex (on the opposite side)?

A

Posterior columns (Gracile Fasciculus and Cuneate Fasciculus) and Spinothalamic Tracts (Anterior spinothalamic and lateral spinothalamic)

78
Q

Which somatosensory tracts have a final destination in the Cerebellar Cortex?

A

Anterior Spinocerebellar (same side)
Posterior Spinocerebellar (mixed)

79
Q

What is the final destination of the second-order neurons of the spinocerebellar tracts?

A

Posterior horns of the grey matter

80
Q

What is the final destination of the third-order neurons of the spinothalamic tracts and posterior columns?

A

Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the Thalamus

81
Q

Where are first order neuron cell bodies found?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

82
Q

What is the function of corticospinal tracts?

A

Provide conscious motor control over skeletal muscle

83
Q

What are the three corticospinal tracts?

A

Corticobulbar tracts
Lateral Corticospinal Tracts
Anterior Corticospinal Tracts

84
Q

where are the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts?

A

Primary motor cortex

85
Q

What is the destination and action of the Corticobulbar Tracts?

A

Lower motor neuron of cranial nerve nuclei in brain
Move eyes, jaw, face, pharynx, and neck

86
Q

What is the destination of the Lateral Corticospinal Tracts?

A

Lower motor neuron of anterior horns of the spinal cord
…

87
Q

What is the destination of the Anterior Corticospinal Tracts?

A

Lower motor neuron of the anterior horns of the cervical and upper thoracic segments
move neck, shoulder, upper limb

88
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the upper motor neuron of the corticospinal tracts for somatic and visceral (autonomic) motor nervous system located?

A

Primary motor cortex

89
Q

What is arachnoid granulation? what part of the meninges are they formed in?

A

Formed in the arachnoid mater
CSF enters venous circulation

90
Q

What is the difference between an epidural and subdural hematoma

A

Epidural hematoma is blood accumulation between the skull and dura mater, where a subdural hematoma is between the dura maters and arachnoid mater

91
Q

What neuroglia are important for the blood-brain-barrier. What is the purpose?

A

The BBB maintains the environment within the CNS.
Astrocytes secrete chemicals restricting permeability

92
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A

Preventing contact between structures
Supporting the brain
Transporting nutrients, chemicals, and wastes

93
Q

What is the name of the structures that produces CSF? What are its components?

A

Choroid plexus

94
Q

Describe the movements of CSF

A

Produced in lateral ventricles
Flows into inverventricular foramina to their ventricle
Flows into cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle
Enters subarachnoid space via lateral apertures/median aperture
Moved into venous return to jugular veins

KIN 3320 (4 decks)

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