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KIN 3320 > Nervous System 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Posterior horn (grey matter)

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2
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Lateral horn (grey matter)

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3
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Anterior horn (grey matter)

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4
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Pia mater

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5
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Arachnoid mater

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6
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Dura mater

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7
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Subarachnoid space

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8
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Epidural space

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9
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Dorsal nerve root

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10
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Ventral nerve root

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11
Q

What structure is indicated by the point?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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12
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Anterior grey commissure

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13
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Anterior white commissure

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14
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Posterior grey commissure

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15
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Central canal

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16
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Telodendria

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17
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Axon Terminal

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18
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Mitochondrion

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19
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Synaptic Vessicles

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20
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Presynaptic membrane

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21
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Postsynaptic membrane

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22
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Synaptic cleft

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23
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red star?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

At what anatomical nervous tissue structure does the PNS begin?

A

Outside of the spinal cord, outside of vertebra

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25
Q

What are the types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A

Four types:
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendricytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal Cells

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26
Q

What are the functions of Astrocytes?

A

Control the interstitial environment
Maintain the blood brain barrier
Provide framework for the CNS
Regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations
Repair damaged nervous tissue - form scar tissue
Guide neuron development
Absorb and recycle neurotransmitters

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27
Q

What are the functions of Oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinate the CNS axons
Structural framework

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28
Q

What are the functions of Microglia?

A

Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis

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29
Q

What is the function of Ependymal cells?

A

Line ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord)
assist in production, circulation and monitoring of CSF

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30
Q

What is the structural difference between white and grey matter in the spinal cord?

A

White matter includes myelinated axons.
Grey matter includes neutron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmeylinated axons

31
Q

What type of cells are Ependymal cells?

A

cuboidal and columnar

32
Q

What are the types of neuroglia in the PNS?

A

Two types:
Satellite cells
Schwann Cells

33
Q

What is the function of Satellite cells?

A

Surround neutron cell bodies
- Regulate exchange of nutrients and waste products between neuron and extracellular fluid.
- Isolate the neuron from stimuli not intended to pass between neurons

34
Q

What type of Neuron is this?

A

Anaxonic neuron

35
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

Bipolar neuron

36
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

Pseudounipolar neuron

37
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

Multipolar Neuron

38
Q

What are the three functional groups of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

39
Q

What occurs during a chemical synaptic transmission?

40
Q

‘A neuron can synapse with how many different structures?’ What are they?

41
Q

What structures identify the beginning and end of the spinal cord (cranial to caudal)?

A

foramen magnum to the inferior border of the first lumbar vertebra (L1)

42
Q

How many Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord levels are there?

A

Cervical 1-8
Thoracic 1-12
Lumbar 1-5
Sacral 1-5

43
Q

What is the ratio of grey matter as you move caudaly? Why?

A

increases - as you move farther from brain
Less white matter required as there is less travelling through region as you move caudal

44
Q

What is the conus medularis? Where is it located?

A

Caudal to lumbosacral enlargement, inferior to L1
Tapering of the spinal cord to a cone-shape

45
Q

What type of tissue is the Dura mater?

A

Dense irregular

46
Q

What type of tissue is the Arachnoid mater?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

47
Q

What type of tissue is the Pia mater?

A

Elastic and collagen connective tissue

48
Q

What is the film terminale? What ligament does it form?

A

The spinal dura mater tapers and blends with filum terminale, forming coccygeal ligament. Filum terminale extends from conus medullaris (L1) and connects spinal cord to first coccygeal vertebra

49
Q

What is grey matter composed of?

A

Neuron cell bodies
Dendrites
Unmyelinated axons

50
Q

What is white matter composed of?

A

myelinated axons

51
Q

Cell bodies of neurons in the CNS organize to form what?

A

Nuclei, which have specific functions (e.g. sensory nuclei and motor nuclei)

52
Q

Cells bodies of neurons in the PNS organize to form what?

A

Columns, which contain tracts that either carry sensory information or motor information

53
Q

Cervical cranial nerves take their name from the vertebra superior or inferior to them?

A

inferior, so there are 8 cervical nerves and 7 cervical vertebra

54
Q

Thoracic cranial nerves take their name from the vertebra superior or inferior to them?

A

inferior, so there are 12 thoracic vertebra as well as nerves

55
Q

What type of axons is a spinal nerve composed of

56
Q

Through what osseous structure do spinal nerves exit the spinal column from

A

Transverse foramen

57
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The supply of spinal nerves to a specific region of the skin

58
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve root

59
Q

A plexus forms what rami?

A

Ventral root rami

60
Q

What are the 4 plexuses and their spinal cord segments?

A

Cervical (C1-C4)
Thoracic (C5-T1)
Lumbar (T12-L4)
Sacral (L4-S4)

61
Q

What is significant between the lumbar and sacral plexuses

A

both innervate muscles of the lower limbs
Often referred as the lumbosacral plexus

62
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar
Median

63
Q

What regions of the arm does the Axillary brachial plexus innervate?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

64
Q

What regions of the arm does the Musculocutaneous brachial plexus innervate?

A

Flexors of arm, sensory of forearm

65
Q

What regions of the arm does the Radial brachial plexus innervate?

A

Extensors of arm and forearm

66
Q

What regions of the arm does the Median brachial plexus innervate?

A

Flexor of forearm, sensory of anterolateral hand

67
Q

What regions of the arm does the Ulnar brachial plexus innervate?

A

Ulnar half of forearm

68
Q

The brachial plexus passes under what bone?

69
Q

The sciatic nerve is covered by what lateral rotator of the hip?

A

Piriformis*

70
Q

What nerve is found in the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve*

71
Q

What nerve wraps around the head of the fibula?

A

Common fibular nerve*

72
Q

What nerve passes under inguinal ligament?

A

Femoral nerve*

73
Q

What nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle?

A

Ulnar nerve*

74
Q

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve*

KIN 3320 (4 decks)

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