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Digestive and sensory Systems > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the division of the nervous system ?

A

Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What are the functions of the CNS?

A

Sensory nerves bring info to CNS. Then CNS processes info & make decisions

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3
Q

What is the function of the neuroglia cells ?

A

To insulate , support, nourish & protect the neurons .

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4
Q

Neuron

A

The primary cell of the nervous system

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5
Q

What do neurons do ?

A

Generate & transmit the nerve impulse

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6
Q

What is the three neuron pathway ?

A

Sensory , motor and interneuron

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7
Q

Dendrite

A

Carry information TOWARD the cell body

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8
Q

Axon

A

Carries information AWAY from the cell body toward the axon terminal

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9
Q

The number of Thorasic nerve is

A

12

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10
Q

Spinal nerves have pairs

A

31 pairs

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11
Q

The Brain Stem

A

Contains the medulla pond & midbrain

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12
Q

The Brain has four major areas

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem & cerebellum

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13
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Carries information to and from the brain

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14
Q

Two divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic Nervous System & Autosomatic Nervous System

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15
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Supplies motor impulses to the skeletal muscles

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16
Q

Autosomatic c Nervous System

A

Supplies motor impulses to cardiac muscle , to smooth muscle & to glandular epithelium

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17
Q

Three major functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory Function : brings info to the CNS
Interneuron: analyze & make decisions
Motor nerve function: carries out orders of the CNS

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18
Q

What is the function of neuralgia cells

A

To insulate , support & nourish. They DO NOT transmit impulses

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19
Q

What are nodes of Ranvier

A

Area of axon that don’t contain myelin sheaths, nerve jumps from node to node

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20
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Increases the volocity of neurons

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21
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between the axon of one neuron & the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron. During a nerve impulse,
Neurotransmitters carry the impulse from the presynaptic neuron to the post synaptic neuron

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22
Q

Axon terminal

A

The end of the axon that forms a synapse with another neuron

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23
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Package the chemicals

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24
Q

Receptors

A

Use the chemicals

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25
Level of stimulation for resting membrane
Action Potential carries a charge of -70 mV
26
Level of stimulation for resting potential
Stimuli threshold of -55 mV
27
What is a nerve
Bundle of connective tissue that contain nerve fibers
28
Polarization
Negative relative to the outside -70mV (outward leak of K )
29
Depolarization
Inside neuron becomes less negative -50mV due to inward movement of Na
30
Repolarization
Goes back to resting membrane -70 mV
31
Frontal Lobe
Portion of brain responsible for thinking, planning, problem solving, judgment , voluntary movement.
32
Parietal lobe
Portion of brain responsible for touch , pain , pressure
33
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for hearing , understanding speech , reading , visual memory & music
34
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for vision
35
Hypothalamus
exerts control over all internal organs , controls body temperature, sleep -wake cycle , H20 & electrolyte balance , appetite
36
Cerebellum
2nd largest structure of the brain. Coordinates skeletal muscle movement. Responsible for learning new motor tasks ( ie. throwing a ball). Located lower back part of brain
37
Meninges
Three layers of protective tissue that cover the brain & spinal cord
38
Olfactory nerve I
Cranial nerve control olfaction , taste & hearing
39
Optic nerve II
Cranial nerve Sight & visual field
40
Oculomotor III
Cranial nerve controls and pupillary reaction
41
Trochlear IV
Control eyeball movement
42
Trigeminal (V)
Has 3 branches… control facial sensations
43
Abducens VI
Controls lateral eye movement
44
Facial VII
Controls facial expressions & taste
45
Acoustic VIII
Controls hearing & balance
46
Glossopharyngeal IX
Control’s swallowing and voice
47
Vagus X
Gag reflex , breathing , heart & digestion
48
Spinal Accessory XI
Controls neck motions ( i,e shoulder shrugging)
49
Hypoglossal XII
Controls tongue movement & strength
50
Name the 3 major plexuses
Cervical, Brachial and lumbosacral
51
The Cervical Plexuses
C1 to C4 Control breathing
52
Stimulus
Any change in the environment
53
Purpose of a reflex
A reflex is a sequence of actions designed to sense a change and to respond to the change in a way to restore homeostasis (i.e. gag reflex, corneal reflex, pupillary reflex )
54
Spinal cord
Acts as a relay for all sensory information travelling to the brain
55
Central canal
The hole in the center of the spinal cord
56
Gray matter
Composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons
57
White matter
Composed of ascending and descending tracts
58
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
The “flight or fight “ system. Activates all body systems as through they were ready to meet a dangerous system
59
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
The “Feed and Breed” system Exerts a calming effect on the body
60
Iris
The colored part of the eye
61
Pupil
Regulate the amount of light that enters the eye
62
Retina
Innermost layer of the eyeball; contains photoreceptor cell for vision
63
Photoreceptors
React to bright light
64
Rods
Sensitive to dim light
65
Cones
Activation of cones causes color vision
66
Interneuron
Nerve cell that carries impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron

Digestive and sensory Systems (2 decks)

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