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PHYSIO LEC > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

the part of an animal’s body that coordinates its behavior and transmits signals between different body areas.

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Functions of the Nervous system

A
  1. Integration of Body Process
  2. Control of Voluntary Effectors
  3. Control of Involuntary Effectors
  4. Provides swift, brief responses to stimuli.
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3
Q

What are the Divisions of the Nervous System based on location and function?

A

Based on location
a. Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
b. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Based on function
a. Somatic
b. Autonomic
i. Sympathetic
ii. Parasympathetic

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4
Q

Part of the PNS that go from stimulus receptors to CNS

A

Sensory Neurons (afferent)

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5
Q

Part of the PNS that go from CNS effectors to muscles and glands.

A

Motor Neurons (efferent)

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6
Q

If the CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, what does the PNS include?

A

Autonomic Nervous System & Somatic Nervous System

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7
Q

What are the Cells of the Nervous System

A

• Cell body
• Dendrites
• Axon (Myelin sheaths and nodes of Ranvier)
• Axon terminal
• Interneurons, synapse, postsynaptic cell, presynaptic cell, synaptic cleft and axonal transport
• Support cells: Schwann cells, satellite cells (in PNS), Glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia-
like macrophages

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8
Q

The major functional unit of the nervous
system.

A

Neurons

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9
Q

What are the Major CNS Elements?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Neuroglial cells or glial cells
  3. Meninges
  4. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
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10
Q

Neuron has branches or processes called _________ and __________.

A

axon and dendrites

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11
Q

Neuron is different from other cells by two ways, what are these

A
  1. Neuron has branches or processes called axon and dendrites
  2. Neuron does not have centrosome
    So, it cannot undergo division.
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12
Q

Neurons are classified by three different methods.

  1. Depending upon the ________
  2. Depending upon the ________
  3. Depending upon the ________
A
  1. number of poles
  2. functions
  3. length of axon
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13
Q

What are the classification of neurons depending on the number of poles?

A
  1. Unipolar neurons
  2. Bipolar neurons
  3. Multipolar neurons
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14
Q

What are the classification of neurons depending upon the function?

A
  1. Motor or Efferent Neurons
  2. Sensory or Afferent Neurons
  3. Interneuron or Relay Neuron
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15
Q

What are the classification of neurons depending upon the length of axon?

A
  1. Golgi Type I neurons
  2. Golgi Type II neurons
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16
Q

neurons that transmit signal from the peripheral receptors to the brain or spinal cord.

A

Sensory or Afferent Neurons

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17
Q
  • Neurons that transmit signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscle or organs
                           or

Neurons that transmit signals to-the smooth muscle of hollow viscera and blood vess

A

Motor or Efferent Neurons

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18
Q

Motor or Efferent Neurons can either be ____________ or _____________.

A

stimulatory or inhibitory

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19
Q

Primarily thought to provide structural support.

A

Neuroglial cells or glial cells

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20
Q

What are the Neuroglial cells of the CNS?

A

a. Macroglial cells
- i. Astrocytes
- ii. Oligodendrocytes

b. Microglial cells
c. Ependymal cells

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of Macroglial cells

A

i. Astrocytes
ii. oligodendrocytes

22
Q

Two Types of Astrocytes

A
  1. Fibrous Astrocytes
  2. Protoplasmic Astrocyte
23
Q

Fibrous Astrocyte can be located within the? How about the protoplasmic astrocyte?

A

Fibrous - white matter
Protoplasmic - grey matter

24
Q

____________ is a term used to describe astrocyte proliferation in response to an injury (e.g., stroke) that results in scar formation in the CNS.

A

Gliosis

25
Q

____________ form the myelin sheath around neurons in the central nervous system

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

Gliosis, along with neuronal loss, is a prominent feature in many diseases that affect the CNS, including

_____________, _______________, & ___________

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.

27
Q

In __________________, it is recognized that axonal regeneration occurs in the PNS but has very limited success in the CNS.

A

neuronal regeneration

28
Q

fibrous membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

29
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A
  1. Duramater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia Mater
30
Q

What are the 2 types of Neuroglial cells in PNS?

A
  1. Schwann Cells
  2. Satellite Cells
31
Q

What is the thickest, outermost layer of the meninges? Innermost layer?

What lies inside the duramater?

A

Duramater, Pia Mater

Arachnoid

32
Q

What is the thickest, outermost layer of the meninges? Innermost layer?

A

Duramater, Pia Mater

33
Q

_____________ are the major glial cells in PNS

A

Schwann cells

34
Q

_______________ are the glial cells present on the exterior Surface of PNS neurons.

A

Satellite cells

35
Q

A clear fluid with little protein and almost no blood cells produced primarily by the choroid plexus and minimally by the ependymal cells.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

36
Q

Functions of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)?

A
  1. Cushion the brain
    2. Protect the brain against blows to the head
    3. Maintains a constant extracellular environment for neurons and glial cells
    4. Transport medium for some bain hormones and other substances
37
Q

Functions of Satellite cells?

A
  1. Provide physical support to the PNS neurons
  2. Help in regulation of chemical environment of ECF around the PNS neurons.
38
Q

Functions of Schwann cells?

A
  1. Provide myelination (insulation) around the nerve fibers in PNS.
  2. Play important role in nerve regeneration
  3. Remove cellular debris during regeneration by their phagocytic activity.
39
Q

Brain consist of two matters.

  1. ____________ - consist of cell bodies
  2. ____________ - myelinated fibers
A

Grey matter
White matter

40
Q

What are the parts of the Brain?

A

CCM OPM TH

  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Medulla Oblongata of brainstem
  4. Olfactory Bulb
  5. Pons
  6. Midbrain
  7. Thalamus
  8. Hypothalamus
41
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  1. Olfactory (I)
  2. Optic (II)
  3. Oculomotor (III)
  4. Trochlear (IV)
  5. Trigeminal (V)
  6. Abducens (VI)
  7. Facial (VII)
  8. Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
  9. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  10. Vagus (X)
  11. Accessory (XI)
  12. Hypoglossal (XII)
42
Q

Function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

controls eye movement and pupil constriction

43
Q

Function of the trochlear nerve (IV)?

A

Controls downward and inward eye movement.

44
Q

Function of the trigeminal nerve (V)?

A

facial sensation, chewing

45
Q

Function of the Abducens nerve (VI)?

A

Controls lateral eye movement

46
Q

Function of the facial nerve?

A

Facial expression and taste

47
Q

Function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Hearing and Balance

48
Q

Function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Taste, swallowing, salivation

49
Q

Function of the vagus nerve?

A

Regulates heart, lungs, and digestive organs

50
Q

Function of the accessory nerve?

A

Controls the neck and shoulder muscles

51
Q

Function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

controls tongue movement

PHYSIO LEC (2 decks)

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