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PHYSIO LEC > Body Water and Body Fluid Compartment > Flashcards

Body Water and Body Fluid Compartment Flashcards

1
Q

the main constituent of cells, tissues and organs and is vital for life

A

Water

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2
Q

Functions/Role of Water

A
  1. Water as building material
  2. Water as carrier
  3. Water and thermoregulation
  4. Water as lubricant and shock absorber
  5. Water as a solvent, a reaction medium, a reactant and a reaction product
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3
Q

What is the Total Body Water (TBW) for males and females

A

Males - 60%
Females - 50%

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4
Q

What are the Body Fluid Compartments?

A

a. Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
- 40% total BW

b. Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
- 20% total BW

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5
Q

What are the divisions of the Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Interstitial Fluid
  3. Transcellular Fluid
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6
Q

What are the fluids found in the following parts of the body?

  1. Joint - ___________
  2. Pericardial space - ___________
  3. Intraocular spaces - ___________
  4. Brain ventricles, subarachnoid space of spinal cord - ___________
A
  1. Synovial fluid
  2. Pericardial fluid
  3. Aqueous humor, Vitreous humor
  4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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7
Q

What are the substances used to measure TBW?

A
  1. Heavy Water
  2. Radioactive Water
  3. Antipyrine
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8
Q

What are the substances used to measure ECF volume?

A
  1. Radioactive substance/ions
  2. Inulin
  3. Thiosulfate
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9
Q

Sources of Water in Animals

A
  1. Drinking Water
  2. Water in Ingested Food
  3. Metabolic Water or Oxidative Water
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10
Q

What are the 2 types of Water Loss in Animals?

A
  1. Sensible Water Loss
    - easily detected and measured.
  2. Insensible Water Loss
    - w.l. that are not readily observed.
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11
Q

Ions in solution are called “______________”

A

electrolytes

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12
Q

Solutes in the Different Body Fluids

A
  1. Cations
    - Monovalent Cations (carry 1 + charge)
    - Divalent Cations (carry 2 positive + charges)
  2. Anions
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13
Q

_________________Equilibrium
➢ The concentration of ions on 1 side of the membrane do not equal to those on the other side of the membrane.

A

Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium

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14
Q

What are the Disturbances of volume and Concentration (osmolality) of Body Fluids?

A
  1. Dehydration (Volume Contraction)
  2. Overhydration
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15
Q

Types of Dehydration

A
  1. Isoosmotic dehydration
  2. Hyperosmotic dehydration
  3. Hypotonic dehydration
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16
Q

Types of Overhydration

A
  1. Isoosmotic overhydration
  2. Hyperosmotic overhydration
  3. Hypoosmotic overhydration
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17
Q

What are the General Classification of Fluids for volume Replacement Therapy?

A
  • Isotonic Fluid
  • Hypertonic Fluid
  • Hypotonic Fluid
  • Body Fluid
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18
Q

Fluid which has the same effective osmolality (tonicity) as body fluids.

A

Isotonic Fluid

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19
Q

Fluid which has less effective osmolality than the body fluids.

A

Hypotonic Fluid

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20
Q

Fluid which has greater effective osmolality than the body fluids

A

Hypertonic Fluid

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21
Q

What are the Significance of the body fluids?

A
  1. In Homeostasis
  2. In transport mechanism
  3. Metabolic Reactions
  4. In texture of tissues
  5. In temperature regulation
22
Q

Body cells survive in the fluid medium called _______________or ‘________________’.

A

internal environment or ‘milieu interieur’

23
Q

What is the most abundant cation and anion in ECF?

A

Cation - Na+
Anion - Cl-

24
Q

Most abundant cation in ICF?

A

Potassium K+

25
Q

This separates ICF from surrounding interstitial fluid.

A

Plasma membrane

26
Q

_____________ separates interstitial fluid from plasma.

A

Blood vessel wall

27
Q

Give some Organic Substances

A

➢ Glucose
➢ Amino acids
➢ Fatty acids
➢ Hormones
➢ Enzymes

28
Q

Give some Inorganic substances

A

➢ Sodium
➢ Potassium
➢ Calcium
➢ Magnesium
➢ Chloride
➢ Phosphate
➢ Sulphate

29
Q

Most abundant ion in ECF

A

Sodium Na+

30
Q

Most prevalent anion in ECF

A

Chloride Cl-

31
Q

Most prevalent anion in ECF

A

Chloride Cl-

32
Q

Second most prevalent extracellular anion

A

Bicarbonate HCO3-

33
Q

Second most common intracellular cation

A

Magnesium

34
Q

➢ Clear and colorless fluid
➢ 96% water and 4% solids

A

Lymph

35
Q

Give some Functions of Lymph

A

➢ Return protein from tissue spaces into blood
➢ Redistribution of fluid
➢ Removal of bacteria, toxins and other foreign bodies from tissues
➢ Maintain structural and functional integrity of tissue
➢ Route for intestinal fat absorption
➢** Transport lymphocytes**

36
Q

Clear, colorless liquid formed within the cavities of brain and around spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

37
Q

Movement of water across a semi permeable membrane in response to the difference in the electrochemical potential of water..

A

Osmosis

38
Q

Concentration of solute in terms of particles

A

Osmoles

39
Q

Pressure generated when water diffuses across the cell membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure

40
Q

Osmolarity of a solution relative to plasma

A

Tonicity

41
Q

Three Types of Solutions Based on Tonicity

A
  1. Isotonic
  2. Hypertonic
  3. Hypotonic
42
Q

Effect of Administration of Different Solutions on the Cells

A
  1. Isotonic solution
    ➢ No change in cells
  2. Hypotonic solution
    ➢ Swelling of cells
  3. Hypertonic solution
    ➢ Shrinking of cells
43
Q

This equation describes the deviation of pH as a measure of acidity in biological and chemical systems

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

44
Q

What theory is this?

An acid (HA) is capable of donating a proton (H+) and a base is capable of accepting a proton. After the aicd (HA) has lost its proton, it is said to exists as the conjugate base (A-).

A

Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases

45
Q

These are secreted by mammary glands

A

Milk

46
Q

Clear, colorless liquid formed within the cavities of brain and around spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

47
Q

Functions of CSF

A

➢ Hydrolic shock absorber
➢ Regulation of intracranial pressure
➢ Influences the hunger sensation and eating behaviors

48
Q

Liquid produced by membranes and fetus

A

Amniotic Fluid

49
Q

Fluid that fills the interior chamber of eye

A

Aqueous Humor

50
Q

Produced by lachrymal glands

A

Tears

PHYSIO LEC (2 decks)

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