Nervous system

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

Central and Peripheral NS

Question 2

Central NS

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral NS

Answer 3

Controls somatic and autonomic NS

Question 4

Autonomic

Answer 4

Self-regulatory and involuntary control over internal muscles, organs and glands. Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

Question 5

Somatic

Answer 5

Control of voluntary muscle movements, contains sensory neurons, motor neurons and reflex arc.

Question 6

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 6

To detect, interpret, and coordinate a response to stimuli (both external and internal)

Question 7

Types of receptors

Answer 7

mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors

Question 8

mechanoreceptors

Answer 8

Pressure, touch, vibration

Question 9

chemoreceptors

Answer 9

Chemicals (taste and smell)

Question 10

Photoreceptors

Answer 10

Light

Question 11

thermoreceptors

Answer 11

Temperature changes

Question 12

nociceptors

Answer 12

Pain

Question 13

Sympathetic NS referred to as…

Answer 13

Fight/flight/freeze

Question 14

Parasympathetic NS referred to as…

Answer 14

Rest and digest

Question 15

Sympathetic NS - description and function

Answer 15

Activates bodily functions responsible for the flight/flight response

Question 16

Sympathetic NS - physiological effects

Answer 16

Speed up heart rate
Delivers more blood to areas which need oxygen more and less to areas that need it less
dilated pupils
sweating
increased breathing rate
airways expand for more breathing

Question 17

Parasympathetic NS - description and function

Answer 17

Maintains homeostasis, conserves energy

Question 18

Parasympathetic NS - physiological effects

Answer 18

Decrease in heart rate
increase digestion
decrease blood flow to stress response organs

Question 19

Reflex arc

Answer 19

Receptor senses stimulus
Sensor and inter neurons transmits signal up the PNS to the CNS
Integration centre decodes the signal
Motor neurons send directions back to the site of the stimulus
Effector cells respond by controlling or secreting

Question 20

Soma

Answer 20

The main part of the neuron, all the normal cell function occur here. The nucleus is the Soma

Question 21

Dendrite

Answer 21

Receive incoming messages from the previous neuron

Question 22

Axon

Answer 22

The fibre that carries the message away from the Soma

Question 23

Myelin Sheath

Answer 23

Insulates the neuron, ensuring the message stays within the neuron and travels quickly

Question 24

Synapse

Answer 24

Thew microscopic gap between the neuron over which the neurotransmitter pass to stimulate the next neuron.

Question 25

Axon Terminal

Answer 25

Releases neurotransmitter into the synapse

Question 26

sensory neurons

Answer 26

They transmit sensory information from the sensory organs to the brain

Question 27

interneurons

Answer 27

They connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons

Question 28

motor neurons

Answer 28

They transmit motor information from the brain to the effector (muscles, organs, and glands)

Question 29

neurotransmitter

Answer 29

A chemical messenger that is released from one neuron and travels across the synapse to bind to the next neuron

Question 30

action potential

Answer 30

the electrical impulse that is transported along a neuron

Question 31

Role of MRI

Answer 31

To detect and identify abnormalities like tumours, cysts, brain trauma and areas of affected by a stroke

Question 32

Role of fMRI

Answer 32

To see what brain areas are activated and connected during different activities

Question 33

Role of EEG

Answer 33

EEGs help monitor alertness and brain activity in various states (like sleep), assess normal or abnormal patterns, and identify seizure disorders such as epilepsy.