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Science > Cardiovascular and Respiratory System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

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2
Q

solvent

A

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

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3
Q

semipermiable

A

Only certain substances can pass through

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4
Q

solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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5
Q

net (movement)

A

overall movement

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6
Q

concentration

A

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

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7
Q

concentration gradient

A

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

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8
Q

alveoli

A

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

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9
Q

diaphragm

A

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

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10
Q

diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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11
Q

cellular respiration

A

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

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12
Q

Trachea

A

Allows air to pass to and from lungs

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13
Q

gas exchange

A

the process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide

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14
Q

oxygenated blood

A

blood carrying oxygen

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15
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood carrying little or no oxygen

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16
Q

pulmonary vien

A

The only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood. Carries blood from the lungs to the heart

17
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein in the body

18
Q

aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

19
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

20
Q

artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Thick elastic walls, usually contains oxygenated blood

21
Q

vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. Contain valves, usually contain deoxygented blood

22
Q

capillary

A

Site of gas exchange, one cell thick in diameter, very thin walls.

23
Q

plasma

A

Liquid part of blood. 50-60% of blood volume

24
Q

White blood cells

A

Defend body against infection and disease. Contain a nucleus, largest blood cells and make up 2% of blood volume.

25
Q

Platelets

A

Clot blood when blood vessels have been damaged. 2% of blood volume.

26
Q

red blood cells

A

Blood cells that carry oxygen, via haemoglobin, from the lungs to the body cells and make up 45% of blood volume.

27
Q

haemoglobin

A

The protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells. Can bind to four oxygen molecules

28
Q

Flow of deoxygenated blood

A

Vena Cava, right atrium, tri-cuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein

29
Q

Flow of oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein, left atrium, bi-cuspid valve, left ventricle, aorta, body, vena cava

30
Q

Main substances carried by blood

A

gasses (O and CO2), water and nutrients (proteins and glucose)

31
Q

What is the role of the pharynx

A

Connects mouth and nasal passages and carries air, food and liquid down

32
Q

what is the role of the larynx

A

Lets air pass from the pharynx to the trachea and contains vocal cords

33
Q

explain the limitations of diffusion on the survival of an organism

A

The larger and more complex an organism is the less efficient diffusion is as it takes longer to occur because of low SA:V. Inconsistent concentration gradients also make it less reliable.

34
Q

role of epiglottis

A

it is a small moveable ‘lid’ that prevents food and drink from entering the trachea

35
Q

Explain the factors that facilitate gas exchange

A

High cappilarisation - increase in formation of cappilaries, increases amount of diffusion

Moist surface - a moist surface is required as it disolves the gasses enabling them to pass across membrane

High SA:V - increases ability and speed of diffusion

Thin cell walls - make it easier for diffusion to occur

36
Q

steps of inhalation

A

1 - air flows in as o2 moves from an area of high to low concentration
2 - ribs move up and out as the
3 - intercoastal muscles contract
4 - the lungs expand
5 - the diaphragm contracts and is flattened

Science (6 decks)

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