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Health Science > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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3
Q

gli/o

A

glue/neurologic tissue

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4
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

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5
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord/bone marrow

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6
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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7
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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8
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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9
Q

tox/o or toxic/o

A

toxic

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10
Q

Para-

A

near, beside, beyond

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11
Q

-lysis

A

separation, destruction, loosening

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12
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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13
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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14
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis/stroke

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15
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

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16
Q

-tomy

A

incision, to cut

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17
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

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18
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

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19
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid

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20
Q

CVA

A

cerebral vascular accident (stroke)

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21
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

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22
Q

afferent

A

going toward the brain/the sensory pathways

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23
Q

arbor vitea

A

tree like structure inside the cerebellum

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24
Q

efferent

A

going away from the brain/the motor pathways

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25
Q

cuada equina

A

“horses tail” the lower end of the spinal cord bundled together

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26
Q

corpus callosum

A

bundle of nerves that connect R and L hemispheres of the brain

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27
Q

basic functions of the nervous system

A

sensation, integration, and movement

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28
Q

sensation

A

the ability of the nerves to detect stimuli such as pressure, temp, taste, smell, light. send messages as impulses to brain and sc

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29
Q

sensory pathways are also known as

A

afferent pathways

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30
Q

integration (brain)

A

receives and responds to stimuli, processes info. can happen brain or sc

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31
Q

movement

A

ability of brain to send impulses through motor nerves to muscles and glands to cause movement or secrete hormones

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32
Q

motor pathways are also known as

A

efferent pathways

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33
Q

basic units of structure and function for ns

A

nerves (neurons)

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34
Q

nerves send what

A

electrical messages (impulses)

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35
Q

two main types of nerves

A

sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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36
Q

nerve structure

A

dendrites, cell body, axon

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37
Q

no myelin sheath

A

grey matter

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38
Q

has myelin sheath

A

white matter

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39
Q

ns is divided into

A

CNS and PNS

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40
Q

CNS contains

A

brain and spinal cord

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41
Q

PNS contains

A

ANS and somatic ns

42
Q

ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, most of involuntary functions (heart rate, blood flow)

43
Q

somatic ns

A

voluntary muscles

44
Q

brain contains _ neurons

A

app 100 billion

45
Q

brain weighs

A

around 3lbs

46
Q

about _ of blood leaving the heart circulates through brain

A

20%

47
Q

parts of brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

48
Q

cerebrum contains

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

49
Q

diencephalon contains

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

50
Q

brain stem contains

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

51
Q

largest part of brain w two hemispheres

A

cerebrum

52
Q

cerebrum is connected by

A

corpus callosum

53
Q

valleys in cerebrum

A

sulci

54
Q

hills in cerebrum

A

gyri

55
Q

cerebrum divided into four lobes

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

56
Q

frontal lobe

A

controls skeletal muscle movement, interprets smell, resp for personality, learn, think, problem solve, concentrate

57
Q

parietal lobe

A

interprets many senses such as taste, touch, temp, pain

58
Q

occipital lobe

A

interprets sense of light

59
Q

temporal lone

A

interprets sense of balance and hearing, contains structure that store memory

60
Q

cerebellum is _ largest

A

second

61
Q

cerebellum means

A

little cerebrum

62
Q

cerebellum is located

A

inferior to occipital lobe

63
Q

cerebellum functions

A

coordinate muscular movements and help body balance

64
Q

arbor vitea

A

tree like structure seen when cerebellum is dissected

65
Q

hypothalamus function

A

maintains homeostasis and controls the reg of hunger, thirst, body temp, breathing, internal organ activity, and sleep

66
Q

thalamus function

A

deals w vision, touch (pain, temp, pressure), taste, hearing, critical for awareness

67
Q

relays info between brain regions and controls many autonomic functions of PNS

A

diencephalon

68
Q

connects structures of the endocrine system w nervous system

A

diencephalon

69
Q

brain stem composed of

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

70
Q

medulla oblongata

A

continuous w spinal cord, automatic functions such as heart beat, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, hiccups, vomit, gagging. Relays impulses between brain and sc

71
Q

Pons

A

means bridge, regulates rate and depth of breathing, helps transfer messages to parts of brain and sc

72
Q

midbrain function

A

nerve pathway between hemispheres, deals with vision, hearing, eye movement, body movement

73
Q

of pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

74
Q

true sc ends in the

A

upper lumbar region

75
Q

after sc ends in upper lumbar region it turns into

A

cuada equina (horse tail)

76
Q

clear watery fluid

A

CSF

77
Q

CSF protects brain and sc as a

A

shock absorber

78
Q

allows for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and nerve tissue

A

CSF

79
Q

circulates between the two layers of meninges through the center of the spinal cord and through large openings called benteicles

A

CSF

80
Q

set of three layers of connective tissue that enclose the brain and sc

A

meninges

81
Q

three layers of meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

82
Q

meningitis

A

infection that causes inflammation of the brain and sc coverings

83
Q

meningitis symptoms

A

fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck

84
Q

meningitis treatment

A

antibiotics for bacterial, supportive treatment for viral

85
Q

two types of meningitis

A

bacterial and viral

86
Q

epilepsy symptoms

A

loss of consciousness, staring spells, violent convulsions

87
Q

concussion

A

post traumatic impairment of neural function caused by a direct blow to the head resulting in bruising of the brain

88
Q

concussion symptoms

A

headache, loss of consciousness, ringing in ears, nausea, irritability, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, amnesia, difficulty concentrating

89
Q

stroke occurs when

A

there is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain

90
Q

stroke symptoms

A

weakness or paralysis of extremity, numbness, vision changes, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and memory loss

91
Q

stroke treatment

A

need immediate care to reduce permanent complications, physical therapy/occupational therapy

92
Q

disease of spinal cord

A

myelopathy

93
Q

incision into the meninges

A

meningotomy

94
Q

pertaining to the cerebrum and spine

A

cerebrospinal

95
Q

rumor composed of neuroglia tissue

A

glioma

96
Q

destruction of nerves

A

neurolysis

97
Q

inflammation of nerves and spinal cord

A

myeloneuritis

98
Q

paralysis of half the body (R or L)

A

Hemiplegia

99
Q

Paralysis of limbs side by side

A

Diplegia

100
Q

instrument to cut nerves

A

neurotome

Health Science (4 decks)

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