Nervous system Flashcards
cerebr/o
cerebrum
encephal/o
brain
gli/o
glue/neurologic tissue
mening/o
meninges
myel/o
spinal cord/bone marrow
neur/o
nerve
psych/o
mind
spin/o
spine
tox/o or toxic/o
toxic
Para-
near, beside, beyond
-lysis
separation, destruction, loosening
-megaly
enlargement
-osis
abnormal condition
-plegia
paralysis/stroke
-tome
instrument to cut
-tomy
incision, to cut
ANS
autonomic nervous system
CNS
central nervous system
CSF
cerebral spinal fluid
CVA
cerebral vascular accident (stroke)
PNS
peripheral nervous system
afferent
going toward the brain/the sensory pathways
arbor vitea
tree like structure inside the cerebellum
efferent
going away from the brain/the motor pathways
cuada equina
“horses tail” the lower end of the spinal cord bundled together
corpus callosum
bundle of nerves that connect R and L hemispheres of the brain
basic functions of the nervous system
sensation, integration, and movement
sensation
the ability of the nerves to detect stimuli such as pressure, temp, taste, smell, light. send messages as impulses to brain and sc
sensory pathways are also known as
afferent pathways
integration (brain)
receives and responds to stimuli, processes info. can happen brain or sc
movement
ability of brain to send impulses through motor nerves to muscles and glands to cause movement or secrete hormones
motor pathways are also known as
efferent pathways
basic units of structure and function for ns
nerves (neurons)
nerves send what
electrical messages (impulses)
two main types of nerves
sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
nerve structure
dendrites, cell body, axon
no myelin sheath
grey matter
has myelin sheath
white matter
ns is divided into
CNS and PNS
CNS contains
brain and spinal cord
PNS contains
ANS and somatic ns
ANS
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, most of involuntary functions (heart rate, blood flow)
somatic ns
voluntary muscles
brain contains _ neurons
app 100 billion
brain weighs
around 3lbs
about _ of blood leaving the heart circulates through brain
20%
parts of brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem
cerebrum contains
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
diencephalon contains
thalamus and hypothalamus
brain stem contains
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
largest part of brain w two hemispheres
cerebrum
cerebrum is connected by
corpus callosum
valleys in cerebrum
sulci
hills in cerebrum
gyri
cerebrum divided into four lobes
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
frontal lobe
controls skeletal muscle movement, interprets smell, resp for personality, learn, think, problem solve, concentrate
parietal lobe
interprets many senses such as taste, touch, temp, pain
occipital lobe
interprets sense of light
temporal lone
interprets sense of balance and hearing, contains structure that store memory
cerebellum is _ largest
second
cerebellum means
little cerebrum
cerebellum is located
inferior to occipital lobe
cerebellum functions
coordinate muscular movements and help body balance
arbor vitea
tree like structure seen when cerebellum is dissected
hypothalamus function
maintains homeostasis and controls the reg of hunger, thirst, body temp, breathing, internal organ activity, and sleep
thalamus function
deals w vision, touch (pain, temp, pressure), taste, hearing, critical for awareness
relays info between brain regions and controls many autonomic functions of PNS
diencephalon
connects structures of the endocrine system w nervous system
diencephalon
brain stem composed of
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
medulla oblongata
continuous w spinal cord, automatic functions such as heart beat, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, hiccups, vomit, gagging. Relays impulses between brain and sc
Pons
means bridge, regulates rate and depth of breathing, helps transfer messages to parts of brain and sc
midbrain function
nerve pathway between hemispheres, deals with vision, hearing, eye movement, body movement
of pairs of spinal nerves
31
true sc ends in the
upper lumbar region
after sc ends in upper lumbar region it turns into
cuada equina (horse tail)
clear watery fluid
CSF
CSF protects brain and sc as a
shock absorber
allows for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and nerve tissue
CSF
circulates between the two layers of meninges through the center of the spinal cord and through large openings called benteicles
CSF
set of three layers of connective tissue that enclose the brain and sc
meninges
three layers of meninges
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
meningitis
infection that causes inflammation of the brain and sc coverings
meningitis symptoms
fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck
meningitis treatment
antibiotics for bacterial, supportive treatment for viral
two types of meningitis
bacterial and viral
epilepsy symptoms
loss of consciousness, staring spells, violent convulsions
concussion
post traumatic impairment of neural function caused by a direct blow to the head resulting in bruising of the brain
concussion symptoms
headache, loss of consciousness, ringing in ears, nausea, irritability, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, amnesia, difficulty concentrating
stroke occurs when
there is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain
stroke symptoms
weakness or paralysis of extremity, numbness, vision changes, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and memory loss
stroke treatment
need immediate care to reduce permanent complications, physical therapy/occupational therapy
disease of spinal cord
myelopathy
incision into the meninges
meningotomy
pertaining to the cerebrum and spine
cerebrospinal
rumor composed of neuroglia tissue
glioma
destruction of nerves
neurolysis
inflammation of nerves and spinal cord
myeloneuritis
paralysis of half the body (R or L)
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of limbs side by side
Diplegia
instrument to cut nerves
neurotome
