Digestive System Flashcards
Sphincters are similar to what
valves
the duodenum has what 3 substances
trypsin, amylase, lipase
stomach has what two substances in it
HLC and Pepsin
rollercoaster is an example of what
fundus
hills and valleys is an ex of what
rugae
where is the fundus
stomach
where is rugae
stomach
what is enamel
white part of tooth
what is dentin
substance under the enamel (crown)
what lays under a tooth
cementum
what lays between teeth
gums
appendic/o
appendix
col/o
colon
dent/o
teeth
enter/o
intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tounge
hepat/o
liver
lingu/o
tounge
odont/o
teeth
or/o
mouth
procto
rectum
stilato
saliva
a/an
without, not
dia
through, across
dys
bad, painful, difficult
endo
within
ortho
straight
sub
below
al
pertaining to
-emesis
vomiting
orexia
appetite
pepsia
digestion
phagia
swallowing
stomato
stomach
GI
gastrointestinal
defecation
removal of solid waste from the body
deglutition
swallowing
emulsification
breakdown of large lipid molecules into smaller ones
haustral churning
muscular contraction pushing matter into next pouch
maceration
churning within the stomach to soak bolus in enzymes
mastication
chewing
peristalsis
wave like motion
ingestion
taking nutrients into the body ex: eating
digestion
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a useable form
absorption
the movement of molecules through the mucosal lining of the stomach and small intestine, and into the blood
excretion
the removal of solid waste (feces) from the body
salivary glands function
reduce size of food
mechanical digestion
mastication (chewing)
chemical digestion
- salivary glands-secretes salivary amylase
- digestion of carbohydrates begins
mechanical & chemical digestion soften food and create
bolus
4 types of teeth
- incisors
- cuspids
- bicuspids (premolars)
- molars
incisors
front 4 top and bottom teeth
cuspids
canine teeth
bicuspids
premolars - have flattened crown
molars
back teeth for crushing and grinding food
pharynx functions
- deglutition
- a passageway for food, liquid, and air
muscular tube behind trachea
esophagus
esophagus is how many in. long
about 10
esophagus performs what
peristalsis
what transports bolus from pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
hydrologic acid breaks down bolus into what
chyme
what does Pepsin break down
protein
liver and gallbladder produce what
bile
liver and gallbladder break down what
fats
liver and gallbladder eliminate what
toxins
gallbladder stores____that the liver produces
bile
liver produces what
bile
pancreas produces what
1.digestive enzymes-digest food
2. insulin and glucagon-regulate blood sugar levels
peristalsis continues where
small intestine
where is absorption highly active
small intestine
chemical digestion____fat
emulsifies
where is trypsin made
pancreas
trypsin breaks down what
protein
where is amylase made
pancreas
amylase breaks down what
carbohydrates
where is lipase made
pancreas
lipase breaks down what
fats
3 parts of small intestine
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
duodenum
first portion of small intestine where majority of chemical digestion occurs
jejunum
middle portion of small intestine where majority of absorption occurs
ileum
final portion of small intestine where absorption occurs
large intestine is also known as what
colon
haustral churning occurs where
large intestine
large intestine absorbs what
water, vitamins, electrolytes
large intestine changes___into feces
chyme
last portion of large intestine
rectum
temporary storage for solid waste before excretion
rectum
final portion of rectum
anus
anus does what kind of digestion
mechanical digestion
defecation occurs where
anus
disorder with inflammation in digestive track
chrons
disease affects any part of GI tract but mostly lower parts of small intestine (ileum)
chrons
chrons symptoms
pain, swollen digestive system, diarrhea, empty intestines
may be caused by abnormal function of immune system
chrons
chrons treatment
medication, nutritional supplements, surgery, BUT NO CURE
if someone with celiac disease eats gluten what does their immune system do
damages small intestine
disease both autoimmune and genetic
Celiac disease
most common surgical disease
appendicitis
results from obstruction of opening of appendix by a mass, stricture, or infection
appendicitis
appendicitis treatment
removal and antibiotics
pain in lower right abdomen may be
appendicitis
inguinal hernias occur when
part of intestine protrudes through weak point or tear in abdominal wall
weakened or deteriorated muscles later in life can cause
inguinal hernia
inguinal hernias at birth are caused by
abdominal lining not closing properly
inguinal hernia common treatment
surgery
pain in stomach
endogastroalgia
abnormal condition of the gums
gingivosis
pertaining to under the tounge
sublingual
painful digestion
dyspepsia
tumor in the liver
hepatoma
disease of the mouth
oropathy
enlargement of the stomach
gastromegaly
without appetite
anorexia
discharge or flow through bowell
colorrhea
excessive vomiting
hyperemesis
specialist in the study of the intestines
enterologist
enlargement of the tounge
hyperglosso
painful swallowing
dysphagia
pertaining to the mouth
oral
