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Health Science > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sphincters are similar to what

A

valves

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2
Q

the duodenum has what 3 substances

A

trypsin, amylase, lipase

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3
Q

stomach has what two substances in it

A

HLC and Pepsin

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4
Q

rollercoaster is an example of what

A

fundus

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5
Q

hills and valleys is an ex of what

A

rugae

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6
Q

where is the fundus

A

stomach

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7
Q

where is rugae

A

stomach

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8
Q

what is enamel

A

white part of tooth

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9
Q

what is dentin

A

substance under the enamel (crown)

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10
Q

what lays under a tooth

A

cementum

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11
Q

what lays between teeth

A

gums

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12
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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13
Q

col/o

A

colon

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14
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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15
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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16
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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17
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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18
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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19
Q

gloss/o

A

tounge

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20
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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21
Q

lingu/o

A

tounge

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22
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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23
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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24
Q

procto

A

rectum

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25
Q

stilato

A

saliva

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26
Q

a/an

A

without, not

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27
Q

dia

A

through, across

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28
Q

dys

A

bad, painful, difficult

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29
Q

endo

A

within

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30
Q

ortho

A

straight

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31
Q

sub

A

below

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32
Q

al

A

pertaining to

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33
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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34
Q

orexia

A

appetite

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35
Q

pepsia

A

digestion

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36
Q

phagia

A

swallowing

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37
Q

stomato

A

stomach

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38
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

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39
Q

defecation

A

removal of solid waste from the body

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40
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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41
Q

emulsification

A

breakdown of large lipid molecules into smaller ones

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42
Q

haustral churning

A

muscular contraction pushing matter into next pouch

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43
Q

maceration

A

churning within the stomach to soak bolus in enzymes

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44
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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45
Q

peristalsis

A

wave like motion

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46
Q

ingestion

A

taking nutrients into the body ex: eating

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47
Q

digestion

A

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a useable form

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48
Q

absorption

A

the movement of molecules through the mucosal lining of the stomach and small intestine, and into the blood

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49
Q

excretion

A

the removal of solid waste (feces) from the body

50
Q

salivary glands function

A

reduce size of food

51
Q

mechanical digestion

A

mastication (chewing)

52
Q

chemical digestion

A
  1. salivary glands-secretes salivary amylase
  2. digestion of carbohydrates begins
53
Q

mechanical & chemical digestion soften food and create

A

bolus

54
Q

4 types of teeth

A
  1. incisors
  2. cuspids
  3. bicuspids (premolars)
  4. molars
55
Q

incisors

A

front 4 top and bottom teeth

56
Q

cuspids

A

canine teeth

57
Q

bicuspids

A

premolars - have flattened crown

58
Q

molars

A

back teeth for crushing and grinding food

59
Q

pharynx functions

A
  1. deglutition
  2. a passageway for food, liquid, and air
60
Q

muscular tube behind trachea

A

esophagus

61
Q

esophagus is how many in. long

A

about 10

62
Q

esophagus performs what

A

peristalsis

63
Q

what transports bolus from pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

64
Q

hydrologic acid breaks down bolus into what

A

chyme

65
Q

what does Pepsin break down

A

protein

66
Q

liver and gallbladder produce what

A

bile

67
Q

liver and gallbladder break down what

A

fats

68
Q

liver and gallbladder eliminate what

A

toxins

69
Q

gallbladder stores____that the liver produces

A

bile

70
Q

liver produces what

A

bile

71
Q

pancreas produces what

A

1.digestive enzymes-digest food
2. insulin and glucagon-regulate blood sugar levels

72
Q

peristalsis continues where

A

small intestine

73
Q

where is absorption highly active

A

small intestine

74
Q

chemical digestion____fat

A

emulsifies

75
Q

where is trypsin made

A

pancreas

76
Q

trypsin breaks down what

A

protein

77
Q

where is amylase made

A

pancreas

78
Q

amylase breaks down what

A

carbohydrates

79
Q

where is lipase made

A

pancreas

80
Q

lipase breaks down what

A

fats

81
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
82
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of small intestine where majority of chemical digestion occurs

83
Q

jejunum

A

middle portion of small intestine where majority of absorption occurs

84
Q

ileum

A

final portion of small intestine where absorption occurs

85
Q

large intestine is also known as what

A

colon

86
Q

haustral churning occurs where

A

large intestine

87
Q

large intestine absorbs what

A

water, vitamins, electrolytes

88
Q

large intestine changes___into feces

A

chyme

89
Q

last portion of large intestine

A

rectum

90
Q

temporary storage for solid waste before excretion

A

rectum

91
Q

final portion of rectum

A

anus

92
Q

anus does what kind of digestion

A

mechanical digestion

93
Q

defecation occurs where

A

anus

94
Q

disorder with inflammation in digestive track

A

chrons

95
Q

disease affects any part of GI tract but mostly lower parts of small intestine (ileum)

A

chrons

96
Q

chrons symptoms

A

pain, swollen digestive system, diarrhea, empty intestines

97
Q

may be caused by abnormal function of immune system

A

chrons

98
Q

chrons treatment

A

medication, nutritional supplements, surgery, BUT NO CURE

99
Q

if someone with celiac disease eats gluten what does their immune system do

A

damages small intestine

100
Q

disease both autoimmune and genetic

A

Celiac disease

101
Q

most common surgical disease

A

appendicitis

102
Q

results from obstruction of opening of appendix by a mass, stricture, or infection

A

appendicitis

103
Q

appendicitis treatment

A

removal and antibiotics

104
Q

pain in lower right abdomen may be

A

appendicitis

105
Q

inguinal hernias occur when

A

part of intestine protrudes through weak point or tear in abdominal wall

106
Q

weakened or deteriorated muscles later in life can cause

A

inguinal hernia

107
Q

inguinal hernias at birth are caused by

A

abdominal lining not closing properly

108
Q

inguinal hernia common treatment

A

surgery

109
Q

pain in stomach

A

endogastroalgia

110
Q

abnormal condition of the gums

A

gingivosis

111
Q

pertaining to under the tounge

A

sublingual

112
Q

painful digestion

A

dyspepsia

113
Q

tumor in the liver

A

hepatoma

114
Q

disease of the mouth

A

oropathy

115
Q

enlargement of the stomach

A

gastromegaly

116
Q

without appetite

A

anorexia

117
Q

discharge or flow through bowell

A

colorrhea

118
Q

excessive vomiting

A

hyperemesis

119
Q

specialist in the study of the intestines

A

enterologist

120
Q

enlargement of the tounge

A

hyperglosso

121
Q

painful swallowing

A

dysphagia

122
Q

pertaining to the mouth

A

oral

Health Science (4 decks)

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