Nervous system Flashcards
Golgi tendon body
proprioceptor for tendons to sense tension
Muscle spindle fibers
proprioceptor in muscles to sense muscle length
Basic unit of nerve and parts
neuron
dendrites-receives input
body- main part with nucleus and organelles.
axon- output
Schwann cells
have nucleus and cytoplasm. Protects and insulates some nerve cells and increases transmission with nodes of Ranvier.
stretch reflex
Protective muscle contraction that occurs when muscle is stretched too far too fast
When dr taps knee
tendon reflex
Golgi’s monitor tension
tells muscle it is not in danger when tendon is stretched slow and gentle tension
flexor reflex
“Withdrawal reflex”
spinal reflex usually in response to a painful stimuli
meninges
Dura
arachnoid
pia
Protection and contains CSF
what is the cerubrum
Largest
Brain part
divided by corpus colosum
cerebullum
Equilibrium, balance and muscle coordination
Brainstem
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
responsible for hearing, vision, breathing, sleep cycles and organ activity
diecephalon
hypothalamus-homeostasis, hunger, thirst, pain, sexual behavior, body temp and emotions
thalamus-sensory input and redirecting to cerebrum
myelin vs nonmyelinated
insulated tissue-schwann cells
transmits impulses faster
schwann cells have their own nucleus and cytoplasm called the neurilemma
Nodes of Ranvier
Exteroceptors
responds to stimuli from external environment,
interoceptors
detects stimuli such as pressure within organs and blood vessels
Merkel cells
exteroceptor
found in lower layer of epidermis
detects light touch
Meissner’s cells
exteroceptor
found in upper dermis in hands, lips, feet, and genital organs
detect very light touch
Ruffini end organs
exteroceptor
found in dermis
detect heat and strong or continuous pressure
Pacinian corpuscles
exteroceptor
deep dermis
sense vibration and deep pressure
CNS
brain and spinal cord
brains four sections:
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, diencephalon
Dermatomes
Zones of the skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve root
Effector of the somatic nervous system
skeletal muscles
motor unit
motor neuron and all the muscle cells it controls
what is a function of the quality of actin and myosin filaments within a cell
Strength
Neurological memory- nerve track
“groove” that involves chemical and anatomical changes that reinforce learning
effects of massage on nervous system
increase dopamine, endorphins, enkephalins, oxytocin, & serotonin
Decreases cortisol and substance P
Astrocytes
supports and anchors nerve cells to blood capillaries
Ependymal
lines the brain and spinal cord cavity to help circulate CSF
Microglia
phagocytes that consume cellular debris
Oligodendrocytes
fatty cells that wrap around nerves in the CNS to create myelin sheath for insulation
