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Medical Terminology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ax/o

A

axon

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2
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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3
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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4
Q

cerebr/o, encephal/o

A

brain

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5
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer covering

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6
Q

dendr/o

A

dendrite

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7
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater
part of meninges, a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. outer layer

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8
Q

encephal/o, cerebr/o

A

brain

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9
Q

gangli/o, ganglion/o

A

ganglion
cyst is a fluid-filled lump under the skin. It is often found over a joint or in a tendon in the hand or wrist

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10
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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11
Q

magnet/o

A

magnet

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12
Q

medull/o

A

medulla, inner section

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13
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges, membrane
Three layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord. The delicate inner layer is the pia mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with fluid that cushions the brain. The tough outer layer is called the dura mater.

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14
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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15
Q

narc/o

A

numbness

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16
Q

neur/o, neur/i

A

nerve

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17
Q

noct/i

A

night

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18
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

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19
Q

somn/i, somn/o

A

sleep

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20
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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21
Q

synaps/o, synapt/o

A

synapse

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22
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus
Relay motor and sensory signals to cerebral cortex

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23
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricles (hearts)

24
Q

-algia, -dynia

A

pain

25
Q

-cele

A

hernia, protrusion

26
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

27
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation, feeling

28
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, producing images

29
Q

-kinesia, -kinesis

A

movement, motion

30
Q

-oma

A

tumor

31
Q

-phasia

A

speech

32
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, loss of motor function

33
Q

-taxia

A

order

34
Q

de-

A

lack of, removal

35
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

36
Q

pachy-

A

thick

37
Q

sub-

A

below

38
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

A severe form of senile dementia that may be due to some defect in the neurotransmitter system. There is cortical destruction that causes variable degrees of confusion, memory loss and other cognitive defects.

39
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

A complex psychological disorder in which the individual refuses to eat or has an aberrant eating pattern

40
Q

Coma

A

An unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused

41
Q

Epilepsy

A

A disorder of cerebral function resulting from abnormal electrical activity or malfunctioning of the chemical substances of the brain

42
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles, an acute viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along the segment of the spinal or cranial nerves

43
Q

Paresis

A

A slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis

44
Q

Parkinson disease

A

A chronic disease of the nervous system. it is characterized by a loss of equilibrium and by salivation, frustration, nausea, dryness of the mouth, and muscular tremors, syncope, and fainting.

45
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

fatal motor neuron disease. It is characterized by progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain. ALS affects voluntary control of arms and legs, and leads to trouble breathing.

46
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic nervous system

47
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

48
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

49
Q

CT

A

Computerized tomography

50
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident
interruption in the flow of blood to cells in the brain.

51
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture
(spinal tap) is a test used to diagnose certain health conditions

52
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis
disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, which make up the central nervous system and controls everything we do. The resulting damage to myelin, the protective layer insulating wire-like nerve fibers, disrupts signals to and from the brain. This interruption of communication signals causes unpredictable symptoms such as numbness, tingling, mood changes, memory problems, pain, fatigue, blindness and/or paralysis

53
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

54
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack
a stroke that lasts only a few minutes. It occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted.

55
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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