Nervous System Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous Systen
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory nerves
Messages toward brain; afferent
Motor Nerves
From the brain; efferent
Automatic Nervous System
Nervous system to organs; sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic
Nerve balance
Neuron
Electrical impulse
Parts of a Neuron
- Dendrites- tree/branching
- Cell body
- Nucleus
- Axon- cord-like
- Myelin sheath (wraps around axon)
- Terminal end fibers
- Synapse (neurotransmitters: dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin)
Glia Cells
Maintain health of nervous system; 4 types of
Astrocytes
BBB; protect brain from harmful substances
Microglia
Protect neurons when’s there’s inflammation
Oligdendroglia
Protect dendrites and sheath
Ependymal
Ependym/o- wrapping
Frontal lobe
Thought process, behavior, personality, and emotion
Parietal
Sensations, vision, spatial perception
Occipital
Vision
Temporal
Hearing, understanding, speech/language
Gyri
Folds in the brain
Sulci
Deep grooves
Corpus callosum
Holds hemispheres together
CSF
Cerebral spinal fluid
Meninges
Viral, bacterial, fungal (meningitis)
Cerebellum
Voluntary movement and balance
Thalamus
Consciousness, learning, and memory. Information station.
Hypothalamus
Below thalamus
Body temp., sleep, appetite, sex, and emotion
Regulates hormones
Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic
Pons (bridge)
Houses nerves for face and eyes
Midbrain
Top
Medulla oblongata
Connects spinal cord to brain, regulates blood vessels, heart, respiratory, and emesis
Myelin
Fatty insulation for nerve cells
Ganglion
Collection of nerve cells
Para/plegic
Waist down
Quadr/o/plegic
Neck down
Hemi/plegia
Half paralyzed
Meninges
Membranes
Dura mater
Hard mother, first membrane
Subdural Space
Underneath dura
Arachnoid membrane
Webbing
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
Soft mother
Parenchyma
Distinguishing tissue of any organ or system
Lept/o
Thin/slender
Pont/o
Pons
Thec/o
Sheath/meninges
Alges/o
Algesia; sensitivity to pain
Caus/o
Burning
Comat/o
Coma
-esthenia
Feeling
Kines/o
Movement
-lepsy
Seizure
-paresis ~ plagia
Paralysis
-phasia
Speech
-sthenia
Strength
Syncop/o
Cut off
Radical/o
Nerve root
Hydrocephalus
Water on the brain
Spina bifida
Mening/o/cele- herniation of the membrane; occulta- hidden
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS; loss of mobility and communication
Myasthenia gravis
Weakness of muscles and rapid fatigue
Palsy
Paralysis
Edema
Swelling
Thrombotic
Blood clot in the arteries leaving the brain
Embolic
Dislodge blood clot, that travels to cerebral arteries
Hemorrhagic
Blood vessel, breaks, and bleeding occurs
Aneurysm
Weakened area in an artery
FAST
Face, arm, smile, time
Angiogram
Visualization of the vessel in the brain (stoke)
EEG
Electroencephalograph; recording of the electrical impulses of the brain (seizure)
CT
Computed tomography
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
BBB
Blood brain barrier
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
LP
Lumbar puncture, spinal tap
TBI
Traumatic brain injury
TIA
Transient ischemic attack