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Biology - Year 9 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system division

A

Central and peripheral

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2
Q

Pressure receptors vary

A

in number around the body,

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3
Q

Less pressure receptors means

A

less messages

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4
Q

NS primary functions

A

sensory input, integration, motor output, controls all other body systems

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5
Q

CNS functions

A

the coordinator, it makes sense of the messages it receives from PNS,

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6
Q

CNS coordinates repsonses by

A

muscle and glands

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7
Q

Cns made up of

A

brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

PNS made up of

A

bundles of neves that branch off brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

PNS coordinates responses by

A

relaying meesages between sense organs and the CNS

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10
Q

Nervous tissue is

A

very concentrated in cells

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11
Q

Neurons are specalised cells that send and receive

A

electrical messages across the body

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12
Q

Neuron messages pass in the form of

A

one way nerve impulses

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13
Q

Neurons consist of:

A

cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath,

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14
Q

Cell body

A

where the nucleus is located similar to a regular cell

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15
Q

Dendrites

A

branches off the nerve (receiver)

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16
Q

Axon

A

Thread like structure that carries impulses to other nuerons,

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17
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

fatty layer that insulates axon and dendrites to prevent signals from crossing, increases speed

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18
Q

Types of neurons

A

three (interneurons, motorneuron, sensory neurons)

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19
Q

motor neurons

A

transmit messages from CNS to effectors, connect directly to muscle tissue

20
Q

sensory neurons

A

specialised receptors (to stimuli like heat or light) transmit messages from receptors to the CNS, connect directly to sensory receptors

21
Q

Interneurons

A

transmit messages from sensory neurons to motor neurons and to brain, involved in reflex action

22
Q

Synapses are:

A

the meeting point between two neurons

23
Q

Synapses work:

A

action potential releases chemicals, vessicles transport to receptors, triggers new electrical signal

24
Q

Presynpatic and postsynaptic cleft is

A

sender and receiver of chemical signals

25
Q

An action potential is

A

a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

26
Q

How do vessicles form

A

Presynaptic cleft chemicals merge with membrane

27
Q

How do chemicals get removed

A

reuptake (reabsorbtion of chemicals) or diffusion (moves away)

28
Q

Receptors are

A

cells that allow us to detect different types of stimuli

29
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

sensitive to chemicals and are located in the nose and tongue

30
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

are sensitive to touch, pressure, sound and motion and are located in the skin, the inner ear and muscles

31
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

are sensitive to temperature changes and are located in the skin

32
Q

Photoreceptors

A

are sensitive to light and are located in the eyes

33
Q

Pain receptors

A

are sensitive to chemical changes in damaged cells and are located throughout the body but most are located in the skin

34
Q

Taste and smell both involve

A

the use of chemoreceptors

35
Q

Internal organs use chemoreceptors

A

to detect changes in the environment

36
Q

Organs and tissues can detect changes

A

in chemicals such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and PH

37
Q

axon terminal

A

Part of neuron where passes the message to the next neuron

38
Q

Effectors

A

muscels or glands that trnsalte the messages into action

39
Q

glands

A

(tissues that secrete hormones)

40
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical released into synapse, carries from presynaptic to postsynaptic cleft, control which nerves fire and when

41
Q

nerves

A

bundled up neurons

42
Q

white and grey matter

A

white - parts of CNS that contain neurons covered in myelin
grey - parts of CNS that contain unmylinated neurons

43
Q

The brain

A

regulates and controls body functions

44
Q

Hypothalamus

A

small region located deep in brain
controls body temperature, hunger and thirst, circadian rhythms, and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

45
Q

CNS protection

A

cranium protects brain
vertabrae protects spinal cord
cerevrospinal fluid surrounds all of it which provides nutrients and shock absorber

46
Q

stimulus response

A

stimulus - receptor - sensory nerve - internrurons - motor neuron - effector - response

47
Q

reflex action

A

involuntary and fast action

Biology - Year 9 (4 decks)

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