Nervous System Flashcards
How many planes are there and what are they?
3 planes
Sagittal, Coronal/Frontal, Horizontal/Transverse
How many directions are there and what are they?
4 directions
Superior/Cranial, Posterior/Dorsal, Anterior/Ventral, Inferior/Caudal
How many neurons are involved in sensory pathway?
3 neurons
Starting from dorsal root ganglion in peripherary, then through 2nd neuron in spinal cord then to the brain
How many neurons are involved in motor pathway?
2 neurons
Starting from the brain out to peripherary
Involuntary motor control neuron pathway
Technically 3, even if it is motor
Multipolar neuron function?
Motor control
Bipolar neuron function?
4 special senses
Pseudo-unipolar neuron function?
general sensation (sensory)
CNS includes?
brain & spinal cord
PNS includes what kinds of nerves?
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves (ganglion)
Name the 4 CNS Neuroglia
Astroglia
Oligodendrocytes (myelination)
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Name the 2 PNS Neuroglia
S&S
Schwann Cells (myelination)
Satellite Cells
Afferent (sensory) neurons
Convey impulses TOWARD the CNS from the peripherary
Interneurons
Form an integrating network between the sensory and motor neurons
Efferent (motor) neurons
Convey impulses FROM the CNS towards the peripherary
What structures make up the Brainstem?
Largest part of the brain!
Pons, Midbrain, Medulla oblongata, Diencephalon
What is the Diencephalon? What makes it up?
In the brainstem and made up of:
Thalamus: relaying of sensory & motor signals to the cerebral cortex (sleep, consciousness, alertness)
Hypothalamus: body temperature, hunger, thirst
What is the midbrain function?
In the brainstem
Function: vision, hearing, motor control
What is the pons function?
In the brainstem
Function: sleep, respiration, swallowing, hearing
What is the medulla oblongata function?
In the brainstem
Function: breathing, heart rate, blood pressurek.
What are the brain divisions?
Cerebrum (2 hemispheres), Cerebellum, and Brain Stem
What is gray matter?
Neuronal cell bodies are in the gray matter
What is white matter?
The myelinated axon projections of neurons form the white matter
What are the 5 lobes of the brain?
Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and Insula
What structures are located in the Cerebral Cortex?
Gyri, Sulci
Lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and Insula