Nervous System

Question 1

Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Sensory input (afferent)
interpretation/integration of sensory input
motor output (effector organs)

Question 2

Nervous System Divisions

Answer 2

CNS
PNS

Question 3

Central Nervous System

Answer 3

integration and interpretation of sensory input and processing of motor output
> brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 4

transport sensory input TOWARD CNS (Afferent division)
& motor output AWAY from CNS (efferent division)
*includes cranial and spinal nerves

Question 5

Further divisions of sensory and motor

Answer 5

visceral : organs within body cavities
and somatic : all other structures, muscles/skin esp

Question 6

Somatic sensory (SS)

Answer 6

general: touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature

special: hearing, equilibrium and vision

Question 7

visceral sensory

Answer 7

general: stretch, pain, temp, chemical changes, nausea and hunger

special: taste and smell

Question 8

Somatic Motor (SM)

Answer 8

Motor innervation to skeletal muscles

Question 9

Visceral Motor

Answer 9

motor innervation to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 10

neurons

Answer 10

able to respond to stim; carry electrical impulse
excitable cells

Question 11

neuroglia

Answer 11

help neurons function more efficiently
NON-excitable

Question 12

Structure of motor neurons and interneurons

Answer 12

Multipolar

Question 13

multipolar shape

Answer 13

many dendrites, single axon

Question 14

Special sensory neuron structure (ex: retina, olfactory mucosa)

Answer 14

bipolar

Question 15

bipolar neuron structure

Answer 15

single dendrite, one axon attached to cell body

Question 16

typical sensory neuron structre

Answer 16

unipolar

Question 17

unipolar neuron shape

Answer 17

single axon connected via short process to cell body

Question 18

afferent neuron =

Answer 18

sensory neuron

Question 19

sensory neuron cell bodies are clustered in

Answer 19

ganglia (outside of CNS) = DRG

Question 20

motor neuron =

Answer 20

efferent neuron

Question 21

motor neuron cell bodies are found

Answer 21

within the CNS

Question 22

Interneuron neuron structure

Answer 22

multipolar

Question 23

Interneuron

Answer 23

accounts for 99% of neurons of body ( all within CNS)

Question 24

Neuroglia in the CNS

Answer 24

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 25

neuroglia in the PNS

Answer 25

schwann cells
satellite cells

Question 26

most abundant glial cell?

Answer 26

Astrocytes

Question 27

astrocytes function

Answer 27

form BBB
produce BDNF

Question 28

least abundant glial cell in CNS

Answer 28

microglia

Question 29

microglia

Answer 29

are macrophages= consume microorganisms and dead neurons

Question 30

oligodendrocytes form what in the CNS?

Answer 30

myelin sheaths

Question 31

satellite cells

Answer 31

prevent “crossover” when many cell bodies are clustered together

Question 32

schwann cells

Answer 32

surround axon, form myelin sheaths in PNS

Question 33

What is the difference between a neuron and
a nerve?

Answer 33

A neuron is a cell that carries an electrical impulse, and a nerve is a collection of many neurons

Question 34

Nerve

Answer 34

Nerve in the PNS –> axons of sensory and motor neurons

Question 35

example of nerve in PNS

Answer 35

nerves off of spinal cord

Question 36

Nerve Tract

Answer 36

in CNS–> axons of interneurons

Question 37

Ex of nerve tract in CNS

Answer 37

corpus callosum

Question 38

Axosomatic

Answer 38

btwn axon terminals of one neuron and soma (cell body) of others

Question 39

Axodendritic

Answer 39

between axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of others

Question 40

electric synapse

Answer 40

gap junctions between neurons

Question 41

which synapse is most common

Answer 41

chemical synapse