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IPHY > Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels transport ______ while lymph vessels transport _____

A

blood; lymph

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2
Q

layers of vessel walls

A

> tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

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3
Q

tunica intima

A

endothelium: simple squamous
subendothelial layer: loose areolar

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4
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle; circular arrangement for vascoconstriction

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5
Q

tunica externa

A

loose areolar
some large vessels have own blood supply (=vasa vasorum)

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6
Q

Tunica externa of veins thickness compared to arteries

A

of equal thickness or thicker

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7
Q

Tunica intima of veins form

A

valves

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8
Q

Tunica media of artery is thicker with more

A

elastic fibers

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9
Q

Arterial walls thickness vs. comparable veins

A

thicker and stronger

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10
Q

Blood Vessel Network Order

A

Heart > Elastic Artery > Muscular Artery > Arteriole >capillaries within body tissues > Venule > medium vein > Heart

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11
Q

Elastic arteries are found where

A

right off of the ventricles

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12
Q

examples of elastic arteries

A

aorta, pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

Elastic arteries

A

The ability to expand and
recoil helps smooth out
pressure surges

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14
Q

examples of muscular arteries

A

radial artery, femoral artery

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15
Q

muscular arteries

A

supply organs and skeletal muscles

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16
Q

Muscular arteries tunica media

A

contain less elastin and more smooth muscle

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17
Q

which capillaries regulate blood flow

A

precapillary sphincters (smooth muscle)

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18
Q

precapillary sphincters open

A

blood fills capillary beds

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19
Q

precapillary sphincters closed

A

blood passes through capillary beds via metarteriole = a “throughfare channel”
>occurs in response to tissue needs for glucose oxygen

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20
Q

capillaries

A

thin walls allow for exchange between components of blood and interstitial fluids of tissue

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21
Q

3 types of capillaries based on permeability

A
  1. continuous
  2. fenestrated
  3. sinusoidal
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22
Q

most common capillary

A

continuous capillary

23
Q

continuous capillary found in

A

skeletal muscles, skin, nervous system

24
Q

what decreases permeability in continuous capillaries

A

tight junctions

25
Q

least permeable capillaries

A

continuous

26
Q

pericytes in continuous capillary

A

spider shaped contractile stem cells

27
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

tight junctions and intracellular clefts AND fenestrations

28
Q

fenestrations

A

(=windows) pores through endothelial cells in fenestrated capillary

29
Q

an example of where a fenestrated capillary can be found

A

small intestine

30
Q

sinusoid capillaries are a type of

A

fenestrated capillary

31
Q

Sinusoid capillaries are continuous/discontinuous

A

discontinuous; follow a twisted path

32
Q

most permeable capillary type

A

sinusoid capillaries

33
Q

Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and liver are all examples of what capillary type

A

sinusoid

34
Q

Sinusoid capillary components

A

large intercellular clefts
incomplete basement membrane
fewer tight junctions

35
Q

capillaries in BBB

A

low permeability continuous capillaries

36
Q

BBB does/does not have intercellular clefts

A

does not

37
Q

which type can pass through BBB

A

vital molecules (i.e., glucose)

38
Q

what molecules can pass through endothelial cells into brain

A

non-charged/lipid soluble molecules

39
Q

How does prolonged emotional stress disrupt the BBB

A

tight junctions are opened= allows toxic substances enter into brain

40
Q

portal system

A

blood passes through 2nd capillary bed before returning to heart

41
Q

venules

A

drain capillaries

42
Q

vein thickness vs comparable arteries

A

thinner walls in veins = lower blood pressure

43
Q

medium veins

A

drain venules
have all three tunics
endothelium forms valves

44
Q

large veins

A

medium veins return blood to large veins
all three tunics

45
Q

Veins are folds of ______

A

tunica intima

46
Q

How do veins regulate blood?

A

keep blood flow forward (toward heart) under low pressure

47
Q

Blood pressure through systematic circuit

A

decreases as distance from L ventricle increases

48
Q

Varicose veins are due to

A

incompetent valves in the veins

49
Q

Anastomosis

A

(=”coming together”)
provide alternate pathways (collateral channels) for blood to reach a given body region&raquo_space; in case of blockage grants alternative source of blood

50
Q

T/F? vein anastomoses is more common than arterial.

A

true

51
Q

Systolic

A

arterial pressure as L ventricle contracts

52
Q

Diastolic

A

arterial pressure when L ventricle relaxes

53
Q

How to measure blood pressure

A

systolic/diastolic

54
Q

Aneurysm

A

sac-like ballooning of artery of vein

IPHY (5 decks)

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