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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

largest part

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

2nd largest

A

cerebellum

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3
Q

cont. of spinal chord

A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

consist of medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

A

brain stem

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6
Q

envelop the brain and spinal cord and separate them from the walls of their bony cases (skull and vertebral column)

A

cranial meninges

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7
Q

cranial meninges

A

dura mater - outer
arachnoid - mid
pia - inner

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8
Q

brain receives ___ % of the total blood supply

A

20

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9
Q

carry blood to brain

A

internal carotid (carotid arteries)
vertebral arteries

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10
Q

return blood from brain

A

internal jugular veins

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11
Q

protects brain from harmful substances, prevents harmful substances from crossing from circulatory system to brain

A

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

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12
Q

cerebrospinal fluid functions

A

circulates through ventricles, spinal chord, and subarachnoid space
absorbs shock and protects brain and spinal chord
help transport nutrients and wastes from the blood and the nervous tissues

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13
Q

where does CSF circulates

A

ventricles
spinal chord (central canal)
subarachnoid space

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14
Q

CSF-filled cavities

A

ventricles

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15
Q

lateral ventricle

A

each cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

3rd ventricles

A

diencephalon

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17
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

midbrain

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18
Q

4th ventricle

A

brain stem
cerebellum

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19
Q

______ is drawn from the ________ through ___________ into ____________ to produce CSF

A

Plasma
choroid plexuses
ependymal cells
ventricles

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20
Q

choroid plexuses are…

A

networks of capillaries in the walls of ventricles

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21
Q

ventricles are lined by

A

ependymal cells

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22
Q

circulation of CSF

A

lateral ventricles → interventricular foramina → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → subarachnoid space or central canal

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23
Q

CSF is reabsorbed into the blood by

A

arachnoid villi

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24
Q

The bulges on the _______ aspects of the medulla are _______

A

anterior
pyramids

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25
Q

Pyramids are formed by ________ that pass from _______ to the ____________

A

large corticospinal tracts
cerebrum to spinal chord

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26
Q

Pyramids are common site for ___________ of ________ and ____________

A

decussation
ascending and descending tracts

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27
Q

Vital centers of the medulla oblongata are

A

cardiovascular and respiratory center

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28
Q

center of medulla oblongata has ____ pair of cranial nerves _______

A

5 pairs: VIII-XII

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29
Q

Midbrain is aka

A

mesencephalon

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30
Q

Mesencephalon extends from ____ to _____

A

pons to diencephalon

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31
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

axon of the corticospinal, corticopontine, and corticobulbar tracts

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32
Q

4 rounded elevations sa tectum

A

2 superior colliculi
2 inferior colliculi

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33
Q

Large are w/ dark pigments sa midbrain

A

substantia nigra

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34
Q

Substantia nigra is associated with what disease?

A

Parkinson’s disesae

35
Q

Help control subconscious muscle activities

A

substantia nigra

36
Q

Help control voluntary movements of the limbs

A

Red nucleus

37
Q

Midbrain contains cranial nerves….

38
Q

Central constricted area of the cerebellum

39
Q

part of cerebellum that control subconscious aspect of skeletal movement

A

anterior and posterior lobes

40
Q

Function of flocculonodular lobe sa cerebellum

A

contributes to the equilibrium and balance

41
Q

Cerebellar cortex is ______ matter in the form of ______ folds called ________

A

gray, parallel, folia

42
Q

Tracts of white matter sa cerebellum

A

Arbor vitae

43
Q

Attaches cerebellum to the brain stem

A

Cerebellar peduncles

44
Q

Function of cerebellum

A

coordinate movements, regulate posture and balance

45
Q

Hypothalamus consist of what

A

mamillary body, median eminence, infundibulum, several nuclei

46
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Control the autonomic nervous system
Production of hormones
Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temp, and circadian rhythm

47
Q

Inferior to thalamus

A

Hypothalamus

48
Q

Superior to thalamus

A

Epithalamus

49
Q

Melatonin induces what

50
Q

Epithalamus consist of ____ gland which secretes a hormone called ________

A

pineal gland, melatonin

51
Q

“seat of intelligence”

52
Q

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

53
Q

Primary amotor area

A

Precentral gyrus

54
Q

Nuclei of basal ganglia

A

Globus pallidus
Putamen
Caudate nucleus

55
Q

Help initiate and terminate movements
Suppress unwanted movements
Regulate muscle tone

A

Basal ganglia

56
Q

“Emotional brain” - governs emotional aspects of behavior

A

Limbic system

57
Q

Primary somatosensory area

A

Postcentral gyrus

58
Q

Primary visual area

A

Occipital lobe

59
Q

Primary auditory area

A

Temporal love

60
Q

Primary gustatory area

A

base of postcentral gyrus

61
Q

Primary olfactory area

A

temporal lobe

62
Q

Broca’s speech area

A

left central hemisphere

63
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves

64
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves

65
Q

Connective tissue covering of spinal nerves

A

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
Fascicles

66
Q

Network of axon

67
Q

Spinal nerves + branches are called

68
Q

Formed by anterior rami of c1-c5

A

Cervical plexus

69
Q

Brachial plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami of c5-c8 and t1

70
Q

Supplies shoulders and upper limbs

A

Brachial plexus

71
Q

Important nerves that arise from brachial plexuses

A

Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar

72
Q

Damage to radial nerves that causes inability to extend the wrist aand fingers

A

Wrist drop

73
Q

Damage to c5 or c6, causes loss of sensation along lateral side of arm

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (waiter’s tip)

74
Q

Numbness, tingling, and pain in the palm and fingers

A

Median nerve palsy

75
Q

Inability to abduct or adduct fingers

A

Ulnar nerve palsy

76
Q

Arm cannot be abducted beyond horizontal position

A

Winged scapula

77
Q

Formed by the anterior rami of L1-L4

A

Lumbar plexus

78
Q

Nerves sa lumbar plexus

A

Femoral nerves
obturator

79
Q

Lumbar plexus supplies

A

Anterolateral abdominal wall
External genitals
Part of lower limbs

80
Q

Sacral plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami of L4-L5 and S1-S4

81
Q

largest nerve of the body
what gives rise to it?

A

Sciatic nerve
Sacral plexus

82
Q

Supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limb

A

Sacral plexus

83
Q

Formed by the anterior rami of s4-s5 and coccygeal nerves

A

Coccygeal plexus

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