Nervous System Flashcards
It is involved in receiving information about the environment around us and generating responses to that information and coordinating the system
Nervous System
The main processing center for the entire nervous system. It consists two main components, the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
An organ that located within the skull that function as organizer and distributor of information for the body
Brain
Serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and controls simple muscolosketal reflexes without input to from the brain
Spinal Cord
It connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs and it has two main division, the spinal nerves and cranial nerves
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the body
Spinal Nerve
The nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem
Cranial Nerve
Is is activated when the body is in a dynamic role or stress
Sympathetic
Maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or relaxed mode
Parasympathetic
Major functions of the Nervous System
Sensation, Integration, and Response
Refers to receiving information (stimuli/stimulus) about the environment, either what is happening outside or inside the body
Sensation
Refers to anything that causes a response
Stimuli
Received by sensory structures are communicated to the nervous system where that information is processed
Integration
The nervous system produces a response in effector organs (such as muscles or glands) due the sensory stimuli
Response
It is the major part of the brain that ontrols the activities, thoughts, and five senses
Cerebrum
Responsible for cognitive functions and movements
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for processing touch, pain, temperature and movement
Parietal Lobe
Responsible for vision
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for speech, hearing and memory
Temporal Lobe
It controls posture, balance and the fine muscle movements
Cerebellum
It controls bodily functions like breathing, circulation and sleep, it is located in the bottom part of the brain and connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord
Brain Stem
Specialized cells that transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord thought-out the body
Nerve Cell
Receives the signals from other neurons or from the body and pass those messages along the cell body
Dendrites
Maintains structure of the neuron and provides energy or electrical signals
Cell body
Specialized organelles, synthesize proteins in a neuron
Nucleus
Where electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be received by other neurons
Axon
They are typically the sites where synapse with other neurons are found
Axon terminal
Point of contact between neurons where the information or message is passed
Synapses
Protective layer around some axons and helps to speed up the signal messages
Myelin Sheath
Contains Na+ and K+ channels, allowing action potential to travel quickly down the axon by jumping one node to next
Nodes of Ranvier
Its role is for the development, supplying nutrients and regeneration of peripheral nerves
Schwann Cell
The system associated with the voluntary control of body movements
Somatic Nervous System
The system associated with the involuntary control of body movements
Autonomic Nervous System
An involuntary muscle response to stimulus without input from the brain
Reflexes
Property of a human biological systems where the self-regulating process tends to maintain the balance for the survival
Homeostasis
System that respond to changes, occur in the body
Feedback Mechanism
When a response to a stimulus is decreased or reduced
Negative Feedback
When a response to a stimulus is increased
Positive Feedback
