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Anatomy & Physiology Unit 2 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Receive electrical signals, site of graded potentials

A

Dendrites and soma

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2
Q

Propagates action potential, site of action potential

A

Axon

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3
Q

another neuron, gland, muscle cell

A

Postsynaptic

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4
Q

Brain (function) and spinal cord (reflex), premium

A

Central nervous system

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5
Q

Cranial and spinal nerves, not premium

A

Peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

Pathway to brain

A

Afferent

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7
Q

Pathway from brain

A

Efferent

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8
Q

Somatic sensory neurons and visceral sensory neurons, sensory

A

Afferent division

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle, voluntary

A

Somatic sensory neurons

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10
Q

Organs

A

Visceral sensory neurons

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11
Q

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system, motor

A

Efferent division

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12
Q

Blinking, involuntary breathing, internal, on all the time

A

Autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

Voluntary (response)

A

Somatic nervous system

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14
Q

Sends info to the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

Involved with increased heart rate, fight or flight

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

relaxed

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Sends information to skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system

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18
Q

Sends information to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

Information sent from the ankle to the brain from muscle is from what path?

A

Somatic sensory

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20
Q

Information sent from the liver to the brain is from what path?

A

Visceral sensory neurons

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21
Q

Located in the dendrites, soma, and axon, always open, associated with graded potentials

A

Passive gate

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22
Q

Located in the dendrites and soma, closed but open when binded to neurotransmitter, associated with graded potential and synapse

A

Chemical or ligand-gated

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23
Q

Located on the axon, closed but open when threshold is met, associated with action potential

A

Voltage channel gate

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24
Q

Occurs along dendrite + axon + cell body, decremental (short-lived/dies off)

A

Graded potential

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25
Q

Electrical all or none event, depends on voltage channel gates, occurs only along the axon

A

Action Potential

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26
Q

A bundle of axons or nerve fibers (cells/neurons) in the CNS

A

Tract

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27
Q

A bundle of axons or nerve fibers (cells/neurons) in the PNS

A

Nerves

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28
Q

A bundle of cell bodies in the PNS (along spinal nerves-sensory roots, dorsal)

A

Ganglia

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29
Q

A bundle of cell bodies in the CNS (motor nerves)

A

Nuclei

30
Q

Caretaking cells

A

Neuroglial

31
Q

Transmit signals

A

Neurons

32
Q

make and circulate CSF (CNS neuroglial cell)

A

Ependymal cells

33
Q

Immune cells of the CNS, phagocytosis (CNS neuroglial cell)

A

Microglia cells

34
Q

Cells that make up the blood brain barrier (CNS neuroglial cell)

A

Astrocytes

35
Q

Make up myelin sheath that surrounds axons in the CNS (CNS neuroglial cell)

A

Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

Lipoprotein substances, makes impulse jump faster along axon

A

Myelin

37
Q

Produce myelin for PNS neuron’s axon (PNS neuroglial cells)

A

Schwann cells

38
Q

Normally surround ganglia-cell bodies of PNS neurons, provide nutrients/structure for neuron, function similarly to astrocytes of CNS (PNS neuroglial cells)

A

Satellite cells

39
Q

Na+ (sodium) enters cell, K+ (potassium) leaves cell

A

Positive phase in action potential

40
Q

Na+ (sodium) outside trying to enter cell

A

Negative phase in action potential

41
Q

Rest of cell (AP)

A

-70mv

42
Q

Threshold of cell (AP)

A

-55mv

43
Q

Depolarization of cell, sodium enters (AP)

A

-70mv to +30mv

44
Q

Repolarization of cell, potassium leaves (AP)

A

+30mv to -70mv

45
Q

Hyperpolarization of cell, potassium keeps leaving cell (AP)

A

-70mv to -90mv

46
Q

Time in which an action potential cannot repeat

A

Refractory period

47
Q

Na+ gates are closed

A

Absolute refractory period

48
Q

Na+ gates are closed, strong stimulus cannot activate

A

Absolute refractory period

49
Q

Na+ gates are slowly opening, increasingly more Na+ ion gates open, increases chance of a second action potential forming

A

Relative refractory period

50
Q

Away from brain to limb

A

Efferent (motor)

51
Q

Brain + spinal chord

A

CNS

52
Q

Cranial + spinal nerves

A

PNS

53
Q

Wouldn’t find on a somatic motor neuron (PNS), only afferent

A

Dorsal roof ganglia

54
Q

Cell bodies in PNS (sensory)

A

Ganglia

55
Q

Cell bodies in CNS (motor)

A

Nuclei

56
Q

CNS and motor neurons (PNS)

A

Multipolar

57
Q

Special senses (vision, smell, auditory sense) in CNS

A

Bipolar

58
Q

Processing cell body, PNS sensory neurons, dorsal root ganglia

A

Psuedounipolar

59
Q

Motor signal doesn’t pass through

A

Ganglia

60
Q

Bundle of nerve fibers in CNS

A

Tract

61
Q

Bundle of nerve fibers in PNS

A

Nerve

62
Q

Bundles of cell bodies in CNS (motor)

A

Nuclei

63
Q

Bundles of cell bodies in PNS (sensory)

A

Ganglia

64
Q

Neuromuscular junction between nerve + muscle communication

A

Synapse

65
Q

3 major parts of a neuron

A

Dendrite, soma, axon

66
Q

Myelinate in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

67
Q

Phagocytosis in CNS

A

Microglial cells

68
Q

Enters cell when it’s excited

A

Na+ (sodium)

69
Q

All motor/ most CNS neurons

A

Multipolar

70
Q

Gaps between myelin sheath, where signal is received, made from schwann cells

A

Nodes of Ranvier

71
Q

Separates nerve and muscle

A

Neurotransmitter

Anatomy & Physiology Unit 2 (3 decks)

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