Nervous System

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• coordinates all activities of the body
• enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur inside and outside of the body

Question 2

neuron

Answer 2

the basic structural unit

Question 3

cell body

Answer 3

consists of nucleus

Question 4

axon

Answer 4

a single fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body

Question 5

myelin shaft

Answer 5

covers the axon

Question 6

dendrite

Answer 6

consist of nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell body

Question 7

synapse

Answer 7

the spaces between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another

Question 8

afferent nerve fibers

Answer 8

sensory nerves that carry messages from the body to the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

efferent nerve fibers

Answer 9

motor nerves that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the body

Question 10

associative nerve fibers

Answer 10

interneurons that carry impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron

Question 11

central ns

Answer 11

contains the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

peripheral ns

Answer 12

contains nerves and the autonomic ns

Question 13

autonomic ns

Answer 13

contains peripheral nerves and ganglia

Question 14

cerebrum

Answer 14

The largest and highest section of the brain
- has folds that separates the lobes

Question 15

frontal

Answer 15

controls behavior, impulse control, personality, and speech

Question 16

parietal

Answer 16

construction of language and recall of long term memories

Question 17

occipital

Answer 17

controls vision

Question 18

temporal

Answer 18

• left lobe: production of speech, naming verbal memory
• right lobe: music ability, foreign language, visual memory, comprehension of the environment

Question 19

cerebellum

Answer 19

responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone

Question 20

dura meter

Answer 20

outer layer

Question 21

arachnoid membrane

Answer 21

middle delicate layer

Question 22

pia meter

Answer 22

attached to the brain and contains blood vessels that nourish nerve tissue

Question 23

meninges

Answer 23

3 membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

spinal cord

Answer 24

-continues down from the medulla
- ends at the first or second lumbar vertebrae
- surrounded and protected by vertebrae

Question 25

ventricles

Answer 25

4 of them
- hollow spaces that connect with each other and the space under the arachnoid membrane
-filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 26

I

Answer 26

olfactory- provides sense of smell

Question 27

II

Answer 27

optic nerve- provides vison

Question 28

III

Answer 28

oculomotor- pupillary reaction (opens eyelid)

Question 29

IV

Answer 29

trochlear- eye movement

Question 30

V

Answer 30

trigeminal- facial sensation

Question 31

VI

Answer 31

abducens- lateral eyeball movements

Question 32

VII

Answer 32

facial- facial expressions, taste

Question 33

VIII

Answer 33

auditory- hearing and balance

Question 34

IX

Answer 34

glossopharyngeal- swallowing, gagging, BP and respiration

Question 35

X

Answer 35

vagus- controls organ functions

Question 36

XI

Answer 36

spinal accessory- head, neck, and shoulder movements

Question 37

XII

Answer 37

hypoglossal- tongue movement