Digestive System

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

the process of changing complex solid foods into simpler soluble forms that can be absorbed by body cells

Question 2

enzymes

Answer 2

chemical substances that promote chemical reactions in living things

Question 3

alimentary canal

Answer 3

digestive tract or GI tract from mouth to anus

Question 4

step 1

Answer 4

ingestion

Question 5

step 2

Answer 5

mastication

Question 6

step 3

Answer 6

digestion

Question 7

step 4

Answer 7

secretion

Question 8

step 5

Answer 8

absorption

Question 9

step 6

Answer 9

excretion (defecation)

Question 10

mouth

Answer 10

• where food enters digestive system
• covered with mucous membrane
  -roof is hard and soft palate

Question 11

uvula

Answer 11

flap that hangs off soft palate and prevents food from going up the nose when you swallow

Question 12

tongue

Answer 12

-attached to floor of mouth
- helps in chewing and swallowing
-taste buds on surface

Question 13

salivary glands

Answer 13

-three pairs
-secrete saliva

Question 14

teeth

Answer 14

• gums, support, and protect teeth (gingiva)
• (mastication) chewing, help in mechanical digestion
• 20 deciduous/baby teeth
  -32 adult teeth

Question 15

esophagus

Answer 15

-connects pharynx and stomach

Question 16

stomach

Answer 16

-upper part of abdominal cavity
-has muscular coat that allows it to contract and push food into small intestine

Question 17

small intestine

Answer 17

• duodenum, jejunum, absorption
• digested food passes into bloodstream and to body cells and on to body cells, undigestible passes on to large intestine

Question 18

pancreas

Answer 18

-behind stomach
- exocrine function (secrete digestive enzymes)
-some endocrine functions

Question 19

liver

Answer 19

-largest organ in body
- below diaphragm, upper right quadrant
-connected to gallbladder and small intestine by ducts

Question 20

liver functions

Answer 20

-produce and store glucose in the form of glucagon
-detoxify alcohol, drugs, and other toxic substances
-makes bile
-stores vitamins A, D, and B

Question 21

liver functions

Answer 21

-produce and store glucose in the form of glucagon
-detoxify alcohol, drugs, and other toxic substances
-makes bile
-stores vitamins A, D, and B

Question 22

Gallbladder

Answer 22

-small green organ, inferior surface of liver
-stores and concentrates bile until needed by body
- releases bile when fatty foods are digested

Question 23

large intestine

Answer 23

-aka colon
-bacterial action on undigested food, products excreted through colon
-regulation of h2o balance by absorbing large quantities back into bloodstream

Question 24

bolus

Answer 24

soft, pliable ball-creating from chewing and addition of saliva (slides down esophagus)

Question 25

peristalsis

Answer 25

wavelike motions makes food along esophagus, stomach and intestines

Question 26

feces

Answer 26

undigested semi solid consisting of bacteria

Question 27

defecation

Answer 27

when large intestine fills, defecation is triggered, colon and rectal muscles contract while sphincter relaxes

Question 28

heart burn

Answer 28

-burning sensation
-acid reflux

Question 29

gastroenteritis

Answer 29

inflammation of mucous membrane lining of stomach and intestine

Question 30

ulcer

Answer 30

sore or lesion that forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach
- h pylori is the primary cause

Question 31

appendicitis

Answer 31

when appendix becomes inflamed

Question 32

hepatitis A

Answer 32

infectious hepatitis spread through contaminated food or water

Question 33

cirrhosis

Answer 33

chronic progressive disease of liver

Question 34

cholecystitis

Answer 34

inflammation of gallbladder

Question 35

cholelithiasis

Answer 35

gallstones

Question 36

cholecystectomy

Answer 36

surgical removal of gallbladder

Question 37

constipation

Answer 37

when defecation is delayed, and feces become dry and hard