Nervous System

Question 1

One of the smallest and yet the most complex of the 11 body systems.

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

This sensory information is then carried into the brain and spinal cord through cranial and spinal nerves.

Answer 2

Sensory functions

Question 3

Once sensory information is integrated, the nervous system may elicit an appropriate motor response by activating effectors through cranial and spinal nerves. Stimulation of the effectors causes muscles to contract and glands to secret.

Answer 3

Motor function

Question 4

Integrates sensory information by analyzing and storing some of it and by making decisions for appropriate responses.

Answer 4

Integrative Function

Question 5

Includes all nervous tissues outside the Central Nervous System

Answer 5

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 6

Consists of brain and spinal cord. It processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information

Answer 6

Central Nervous System

Question 7

Part of the nervous system contained within the cranial cavity.
Is the control center for registering sensations, correlating with stored information, making decisions and taking actions.

Answer 7

Brain

Question 8

Is a seat of intelligence. Provides us the ability to read, write and speak. It consists of outer cerebral cortex, an internal region of cerebral white matter and gray matter nuclei deep within the white matter.

Answer 8

Cerebrum

Question 9

Second to the cerebrum in size. Occupies the posterior and inferior aspects of cranial cavity.
Part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons; governs balance and coordinates skilled movements.

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Question 10

Is part of the brain between spinal cord and diencephalon. Consists of the three structures ; medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain.

Answer 10

Brain Stem

Question 11

Forms a central core of the brain tissue just superior to the midbrain. It is almost completely surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres and contains numerous nuclei involved in a wide variety of sensory and motor processing between higher and lower brain centers.

Answer 11

Diencephalon

Question 12

located behind the frontal lobes and in front of occipital lobes. They process sensory information such as temperature, pain, taste and touch.

Answer 12

Parietal lobe

Question 13

located inside the brain. They process memory and auditory information and speech and language functions.

Answer 13

Temporal lobe

Question 14

located in back of the brain. They receive and process visual information.

Answer 14

Occipital lobe

Question 15

located in front of the brain and are responsible foe voluntary movement.

Answer 15

Frontal lobe

Question 16

The outer layer of the cerebrum composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.
An outer layer of another organ or body part such as a kidney, cerebellum, or a hair

Answer 16

Cerebral Cortex

Question 17

A complex system of nerves and networks in the brain, involving several areas near the edge of the cortex concerned with instinct and mood. It controls the basic emotions and drives.

Answer 17

Limbic system

Question 18

Group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement.

Answer 18

Basal Ganglia

Question 19

Most inferior part of the brainstem. The continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs.

Answer 19

Medulla oblongata

Question 20

Connects the brainstem to the diencephalon at a location.

Answer 20

Midbrain

Question 21

Major structure in upper part of your brain stem. Involved in control of breathing, communication between different parts of the brain and sensations such as hearing, taste and balance.

Answer 21

Pons

Question 22

Is the inner chamber which measures about 3cm in length and makes up 80% of the diencephalon, consist of paired oval masses of grey matter organized into nuclei with intersected tracts of white matter.

Answer 22

Thalamus

Question 23

A small region superior and posterior to the
thalamus, consists of the pineal gland and habenular nuclei

Answer 23

Epithalamus

Question 24

Is a small part of diencephalon located inferior to the thalamus.

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

A long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brain stem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. A mass nerve tissue located in the vertebral canal from which 31 pairs of spinal nerves originate.

Answer 25

Spinal Cord

Question 26

Is an membrane that envelops the arachnoid mater. It surrounds and supports the dural sinuses and carries blood from the brain toward the heart.

Answer 26

dura mater

Question 27

Is a thin layer of connective tissue that entirely covers the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 27

pia mater

Question 28

Is a fine delicate membrane. The middle one of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord, situated between dura and pia mater.

Answer 28

arachnoid mater

Question 29

is formed by roots of the first four cervical nerves (C1-C4) with contributions from C5. The cervical plexus supplies the skin and muscles of the head, neck, and superior part of the shoulders and chest.

Answer 29

CERVICAL PLEXUS

Question 30

supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and part of the lower limbs.

Answer 30

LUMBAR PLEXUS

Question 31

this plexus is situated largely anterior to the sacrum. The sacral plexus supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs. The largest nerve in the body is the SCIATIC NERVE that arises from the sacral plexus.

Answer 31

SACRAL PLEXUS

Question 32

the roots of spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1 form the brachial plexus, which extends inferiorly and laterally on either side of the last four cervical and first thoracic vertebrae. It passes above the first rib posterior to the clavicle and then enters the axilla.

Answer 32

BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Question 33

Also known as the perikaryon or soma, contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes typical cellular organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, and a golgi complex.

Answer 33

Cell body

Question 34

Is a long, thin cylindrical projection that often joins the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock (=small hill).

Answer 34

Axon

Question 35

Are the receiving or input portions of a neuron. They are usually short, tapering, and highly branched.

Answer 35

Dendrites

Question 36

usually have several dendrites and one axon. Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord are of this type.

Answer 36

Multipolar neurons

Question 37

have dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body. these neurons are more appropriately called pseudounipolar neurons because they begin in the embryo as bipolar neurons.

Answer 37

Unipolar neurons

Question 38

have one main dendrite and one axon. They are found in the retina of the eye, in the inner ear, and in the olfactory area of the brain.

Answer 38

Bipolar neurons

Question 39

are mainly located within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 39

Interneurons or association neurons

Question 40

convey action potentials away from the CNS to effectors in the periphery through cranial or spinal nerves.

Answer 40

Motor or efferent neurons

Question 41

either contain sensory receptors at their distal ends or are located just after sensory receptors that are separate cells.

Answer 41

Sensory of afferent neurons

Question 42

Supporting cells in the CNS are “lumped together” literally, “nerve glue”. It includes many types of cells that generally support, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons.

Answer 42

Neuroglia

Question 43

abundant star-shaped cells that account for nearly half of the neural tissue.

Answer 43

Asrocytes

Question 44

spider like phagocytes that dispose of debris , include deed brain cells and bacteria.

Answer 44

Microglia

Question 45

glia that wrap their flat extensions tightly around the nerve fibers , producing fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths.

Answer 45

Oligodendrocytes

Question 46

these glial cells line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord. The beating of their cilia helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills those cavities and forms a protective cushion around the CNS.

Answer 46

Ependymal

Question 47

act as protective , cushioning cells.

Answer 47

Satellite cells

Question 48

form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers that are found in the PNS.

Answer 48

Schwann cell

Question 49

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 49

Nerve

Question 50

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system.

Answer 50

Tract

Question 51

Surrounds each axon

Answer 51

Endoneurium Layer

Question 52

The course connective tissue layer that binds the fibers into bundles called

Answer 52

Perineurium

Question 53

A though fibrous sheath that encloses all the fascicles to form the nerve.

Answer 53

Epineurium

Question 54

A protein liquid surrounding individual nerve axons

Answer 54

Endoneurial Fluid

Question 55

A bundle of axons

Answer 55

Fascicle

Question 56

they allow specific ions to move across the plasma membrane down their electrochemical gradient.

Answer 56

Ion Channels

Question 57

Gated channel that randomly open and close

Answer 57

Leakage channel

Question 58

Gated channels that open in response to the binding of a ligand (chemical) stimulus.

Answer 58

Ligand gated channel

Question 59

Gated channels that open in response to the binding of a mechanical stimulus (such as touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue stretching).

Answer 59

Mechanically gated channel

Question 60

Gated channels that open in response to a voltage stimulus (change in membrane potential.

Answer 60

Voltage gated channel