Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

how many neurons in a brain?

how many synapses per neuron?

A

100 billion neurons

100-1000 synapses

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2
Q

what are neurons?

A

specialized cells
- long living + irreplaceable (your don’t grow new neurons)

  • neuroplasticity: new connections
  • neurogenesis: stem cells

billions of tiny information processors (excite or inhibit)

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3
Q

what do neurons do?

A

carry messages through HNS

transmit electrochemical info
- action potential aka nerve impulse

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4
Q

soma

A

cell body

nucleus/metabolic function

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5
Q

dendrites

A

receive signals (branches)

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6
Q

axons

A
long slender tail, tube like, miniature cable
carries info away from the soma
terminal buttons (which release neurotransmitters)
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7
Q

myelin sheath

A

white fatty coating
insulation/speed
MS signals slow-loss of coordination

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8
Q

glial cells

A

neurons are held in place by glial cells
surround, support, nourish, protect
more than half the brains volume
**performs pruning (cleaning waste, dead neurons)
insulates fro efficient transmission
involved in modulation, amplification of sensory experimences (chronic pain)

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9
Q

transmission of electrical impulses

A
  • permeability (axon letting +ions in)

- electrically charged neuron fires action potential = message sent across synapse

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10
Q

firing of neuron steps

A

electrically charged neuron fires action potential = message sent across synapse

  1. resting potential
  2. neuron is stimulated. action potential fire
    (all of nothing, inhibitory/excitatory)
  3. refractory period
  4. resting potential
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11
Q

synapse

A

junction point between two neurons

more synapses than grains of sand on a beach

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12
Q

synapse structures

A

Axon Terminal (buttons)
Synaptic Vesicles
Neurotransmitters
Synaptic Gap/Cleft

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13
Q

Nervous system, study slide 18, 24, 27, 31 (chap 2)

A

.

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14
Q

central nervous system (cns)

A

brain and spinal chord

protected by skull and spine

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15
Q

peripheral nervous system (pns)

A

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

links body and brain

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16
Q

when does the nervous system form?

what is the nervous system?

A

within 7h of sperm penetrating egg

controls & coordinates every function of the body

17
Q

how do cns and pns interact?

A

CNS integrates sensory info collected by the PNS from all over the body and responds to it

18
Q

CNS components and def of components

A
  • brain
  • brainstem: primitive brain, handles functions critical for survival
  • spinal cord: extension of brain, protected by spine + spinal fluid
19
Q

types of nervous systems in PNS

A
  • somatic nervous system (sensory and skeletal)
  • autonomic nervous system
  • -sympathtic
  • -parasympathetic
20
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • connects CNS to the muscles in the body

- transmits sensation information

21
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • involuntary basic life functions

- communicates with glands, smooth and cardiac muscle

22
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses body + motivates response for fight or flight

23
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

resting, digesting, repair

homeostasis

24
Q

reflexes (knee-jerk reflex) is controlled by what? what happens?

A

spinal cord and PNS can initiate movement on their own

response to stimuli immediately ‘reflected back’ to muscle which contracts before the brain gets wind of it

25
name the types of neurons
``` sensory neurons (afferent) motor neurons (efferent) interneurons ```
26
sensory neurons
relay info from 5 senses to CNS
27
motor neurons
instructions from CNS, enabling body to move
28
interneurons
carry info within CNS communication between sensory and motor neurons
29
neurotransmitters - what? - stored where? - shape? - reuptake?
- chemical substances that send messages between neurons - stored in synaptic vesicles in axon terminals and released into synapse - lock and key (distinct molecular shape) - reuptake: leftover NTs in synapse recycled by terminal buttons for next time