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Psych test 2 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

how many neurons in a brain?

how many synapses per neuron?

A

100 billion neurons

100-1000 synapses

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2
Q

what are neurons?

A

specialized cells
- long living + irreplaceable (your don’t grow new neurons)

  • neuroplasticity: new connections
  • neurogenesis: stem cells

billions of tiny information processors (excite or inhibit)

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3
Q

what do neurons do?

A

carry messages through HNS

transmit electrochemical info
- action potential aka nerve impulse

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4
Q

soma

A

cell body

nucleus/metabolic function

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5
Q

dendrites

A

receive signals (branches)

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6
Q

axons

A 
long slender tail, tube like, miniature cable
carries info away from the soma
terminal buttons (which release neurotransmitters)
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7
Q

myelin sheath

A

white fatty coating
insulation/speed
MS signals slow-loss of coordination

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8
Q

glial cells

A

neurons are held in place by glial cells
surround, support, nourish, protect
more than half the brains volume
**performs pruning (cleaning waste, dead neurons)
insulates fro efficient transmission
involved in modulation, amplification of sensory experimences (chronic pain)

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9
Q

transmission of electrical impulses

A
  • permeability (axon letting +ions in)

- electrically charged neuron fires action potential = message sent across synapse

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10
Q

firing of neuron steps

A

electrically charged neuron fires action potential = message sent across synapse

  1. resting potential
  2. neuron is stimulated. action potential fire
    (all of nothing, inhibitory/excitatory)
  3. refractory period
  4. resting potential
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11
Q

synapse

A

junction point between two neurons

more synapses than grains of sand on a beach

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12
Q

synapse structures

A

Axon Terminal (buttons)
Synaptic Vesicles
Neurotransmitters
Synaptic Gap/Cleft

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13
Q

Nervous system, study slide 18, 24, 27, 31 (chap 2)

A

.

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14
Q

central nervous system (cns)

A

brain and spinal chord

protected by skull and spine

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15
Q

peripheral nervous system (pns)

A

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

links body and brain

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16
Q

when does the nervous system form?

what is the nervous system?

A

within 7h of sperm penetrating egg

controls & coordinates every function of the body

17
Q

how do cns and pns interact?

A

CNS integrates sensory info collected by the PNS from all over the body and responds to it

18
Q

CNS components and def of components

A
  • brain
  • brainstem: primitive brain, handles functions critical for survival
  • spinal cord: extension of brain, protected by spine + spinal fluid
19
Q

types of nervous systems in PNS

A
  • somatic nervous system (sensory and skeletal)
  • autonomic nervous system
  • -sympathtic
  • -parasympathetic
20
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • connects CNS to the muscles in the body

- transmits sensation information

21
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • involuntary basic life functions

- communicates with glands, smooth and cardiac muscle

22
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses body + motivates response for fight or flight

23
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

resting, digesting, repair

homeostasis

24
Q

reflexes (knee-jerk reflex) is controlled by what? what happens?

A

spinal cord and PNS can initiate movement on their own

response to stimuli immediately ‘reflected back’ to muscle which contracts before the brain gets wind of it

25
Q

name the types of neurons

A 
sensory neurons (afferent)
motor neurons (efferent)
interneurons
26
Q

sensory neurons

A

relay info from 5 senses to CNS

27
Q

motor neurons

A

instructions from CNS, enabling body to move

28
Q

interneurons

A

carry info within CNS

communication between sensory and motor neurons

29
Q

neurotransmitters

  • what?
  • stored where?
  • shape?
  • reuptake?
A
  • chemical substances that send messages between neurons
  • stored in synaptic vesicles in axon terminals and released into synapse
  • lock and key (distinct molecular shape)
  • reuptake: leftover NTs in synapse recycled by terminal buttons for next time

Psych test 2 (7 decks)

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