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RAP > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system - ganglion and nerve

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory function, integrative function and motor function

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3
Q

Describe Sensory Function

A

Receptors in peripheral nervous system detect stimuli. Sensory information transmitted to central nervous system.

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4
Q

Describe Integrative Function

A

Central nervous system processes sensory information via integration and analysis. An appropriate outcome is decided

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5
Q

Describe Motor Function

A

Central nervous system transmits motor information to peripheral nervous system. Action carried out by effectors.

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6
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the Peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS), Autonomic nervous system (ANS), Enteric nervous system (ENS)

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7
Q

Describe Somatic nervous system

A

Contains special senses like eyes, nose, taste buds, hearing and balance as well as the skeletal muscles.
Skeletal muscles - all muscles we can voluntarily control
Sensory division - relays sensory information from receptors in skeletal muscles and special senses back into the CNS
Motor division - transmits information form the CNS back down into the skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Describe Autonomic nervous system

A

Relates to all processes that occur automatically for example breathing, heart beating, digesting food.
Sensory division - transmits sensory information from our autonomic organs and glands
Motor division - transmits motor information from CNS to autonomic organs we don’t have voluntary control over

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9
Q

Describe Enteric nervous system

A

sensory information from gastrointestinal tract to CNS

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10
Q

What is a Neuron?

A

smallest functioning unit of the nervous system, an electrically excitable cell that allows the nervous system to communicate

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11
Q

Different parts of a neuron

A
  1. Cell body - contains nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles.
  2. Dendrites - small little projections that receive information from other cells
  3. Axon - tube that runs along neuron, carries electrical impulse away from the cell body
  4. Axon Terminal - Opposite end of cell body, branches out and connects to other cells to pass on the electrical impulse
    5, Synaptic end bulbs - very ends of axon terminal and these bulbs synapse with other cells and pass on electrical impulse
  5. Myelin sheath - Lipid and protein covering around axon of neurons
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12
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

7 dendrites and 1 axon terminal

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13
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

1 main dendrite with 1 Axon terminal

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14
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

Dendrite and axons are fused together, links to sensory receptors

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15
Q

Sensory (afferent)

A

carries nerve impulse towards the CNS. Mostly Unipolar

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16
Q

Motor (efferent)

A

Carries nerve impulse away from CNS. All multipolar

17
Q

Interneuron

A

Between sensory and motor neurons. Integrate information

18
Q

Neuroglia

A

All cells within nervous system except for the neurons, Makes up around half the nervous system. cannot generate electrical impulse so cannot transmit information

19
Q

Astrocytes (CNS)

A 
star shaped cells.
Most numerous neuroglia 
provides support to neurons
maintain blood-brain-barrier
maintain local chemical environment
20
Q

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

A

Fewer processes than an astrocyte
Form and maintain myelin sheath
Can extend its processes to up to 50 axons

21
Q

Microglia (CNS)

A

Small cells with thin processes
Function as phagocytes
Remove cellular debris, microbes, and damaged nervous tissue

22
Q

Ependymal cells (CNS)

A

Cuboidal cells with microvilli and cilia
Line ventricles and central canal
Produce and circulate CSF

23
Q

Schwann cells (PNS)

A

Form and maintain myelin sheath
Each Schwann cell myelinates one axon
Involved in axon regenration

24
Q

Satellite cells (PNS)

A

Surround cell bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia
Provide structural support
Exchange materials between cell bodies and interstitial fluid

25
Q

Neurorengeration

A

Refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissue or cells
Little to no repair in CNS due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, absence of growth-stimulation cues, and rapid formation of scar tissue
In the PNS repair is possible if the cell body is intact, Schwann cells are functional and scar tissue formation does not occur too rapidly
Neuroregeneration of a nerve in the PNS involves; Chromatolysis, Wallerian degeneration and formation of a regeneration tube

26
Q

Clusters of Neuronal cell bodies

A

PNS - Ganglion, Ganglia

CNS - Nucleus, Nuclei

27
Q

Bundles of Axons

A

PNS - Nerves

CNS - Tract

28
Q

White and Gray matter

A

White matter only made up of myelinated axons

Gray matter contains everything apart from myelinated axons

RAP (6 decks)

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