Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

Autonomic motor neuron

Answer 1

Preganglionic neuron (myelinated) passes through autonomic ganglion, a postganglionic neuron (unmyelinated) to the effectors

Question 2

what happens when in autonomic pathways the neuron doesn’t pass into a ganglion

Answer 2

they pass into chromaffin cells which are in the adrenal medulla which is in the adrenal gland in the endocrine system, also known as adrenaline

Question 3

Autonomic can be divided into 2 divisions what are they

Answer 3

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

Question 4

what are parasympathetic and sympathetic referred to

Answer 4

Parasympathetic - rest and digest division, restore and conserves energy and occur during rest in digestion
Sympathetic - fight or flight, causes increased alertness

Question 5

Parasympathetic

Answer 5

• Rest and digest
• Breed and feed
• Conserve and restore energy
• ‘D’ activities

Question 6

Sympathetic

Answer 6

• Fight or flight
• Supports rapid production of ATP
• ‘E’ activities
• Stimulates release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

Question 7

Cholinergic Neurons

Answer 7

• Release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)
• All preganglionic neurons, sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands, and all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
• Nicotinic receptors present in sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, chromaffin cells, and neuromuscular junction. Binding of ACh causes brief depolarisation (excitation)

Question 8

Adrenergic Neurons

Answer 8

• Release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE)
• NE can be released as a neurotransmitter or a hormone by chromaffin cells
• Two types of adrenergic receptors: alpha and beta
• Activation of alpha1 and beta1 causes lingering depolarisation (excitation)
• Activation of alpha2 and beta2 causes lingering hyperpolarisation (inhibition)