Nervous System

Question 1

A nerve is a bundle of ______ and _______ - mostly _______

Answer 1

axons; dendrites; axons

Question 2

Afferent nerves carry info _______ the ______

Answer 2

toward; CNS

Question 3

Afferent generally refers to ________

Answer 3

sensory

Question 4

Efferent nerves carry info ______ the ______

Answer 4

away from; CNS

Question 5

Efferent nerves generally carry _____ signals, toward the _______

Answer 5

motor; muscles

Question 6

Sympathetic response is …….

Answer 6

fight, flight, or freeze

Question 7

Parasympathetic response is…..

Answer 7

rest and digest

Question 8

Anatomical planes of section:

Horizontal plane

Answer 8

cuts through horizontally - separates above from below

Question 9

Anatomical planes of section:

Coronal plane

Answer 9

cuts vertically and separates front to back

Question 10

Anatomical planes of section:

Sagittal plane

Answer 10

cuts vertically and separates left from right

Question 11

Anatomical Directions:

The meaning of some terms _____ at the midbrain-diencephalic junction

Answer 11

change (dorsal, ventral, rostral, caudal)

Question 12

Anatomical Directions:

Superior is opposite from and above _________

Answer 12

inferior

Question 13

Anatomical Directions:

Anterior is opposite from and in front of _______

Answer 13

posterior

Question 14

Anatomical Directions:

Before the midbrain-diencephalic junction, dorsal is opposite from and above _______

Answer 14

ventral

Question 15

Anatomical Directions:

Before the midbrain-diencephalic junction rostral is opposite from and in front of _______

Answer 15

caudal

Question 16

Anatomical Directions:

After the midbrain-diencephalic junction, ventral is opposite from and in front of ________

Answer 16

dorsal

Question 17

Anatomical Directions:

After the midbrain-diencephalic junction, caudal is opposite from and below _______

Answer 17

rostral

Question 18

Other anatomic terms:

Medial

Answer 18

toward the middle

Question 19

Other anatomic terms:

Lateral

Answer 19

toward the side

Question 20

Other anatomic terms:

Proximal

Answer 20

near to

Question 21

Other anatomic terms:

Distal

Answer 21

far from

Question 22

Other anatomic terms:

Ipsilateral

Answer 22

on the same side

Question 23

Other anatomic terms:

Contralateral

Answer 23

on the far side

Question 24

Other anatomic terms:

Bilateral

Answer 24

on both sides

Question 25

Other anatomic terms: Left and right

Answer 25

from the owner's perspective

Question 26

Neuroanatomical Terms: Nerve

Answer 26

a bundle of axons

Question 27

Neuroanatomical Terms: Nucleus/Nuclei

Answer 27

a group of cell bodies inside the CNS

Question 28

Neuroanatomical Terms: Ganglion/ganglia

Answer 28

a group of cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 29

Neuroanatomical Terms: Fasciculus

Answer 29

pathway or tract between nuclei

Question 30

Neuroanatomical Terms: Funiculus

Answer 30

column or tract in the spinal cord (can ascend, descend, and decussate)

Question 31

Neuroanatomical Terms: Commissure

Answer 31

lateral pathway

Question 32

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: ________ division of the nervous system

Answer 32

Anatomical

Question 33

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: CNS = ______ + _______

Answer 33

brain + spinal cord

Question 34

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: The CNS is enclosed in ______ ( _____ & ______)

Answer 34

bone (cranium & spinal column)

Question 35

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: The CNS is wrapped in a protective covering called the _______

Answer 35

meninges

Question 36

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: The meninges has three different layers - the ______, ______ and ________

Answer 36

dura; arachnoid; pia

Question 37

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: The CNS is bathed in fluid called _______

Answer 37

CSF - cerebrospinal fluid

Question 38

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: PNS is made of _____ nerves and ______ nerves

Answer 38

cranial; spinal

Question 39

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System: PNS contains _____ and ______ ( ______ and _______) neurons. ______ means into and _____ means out of CNS

Answer 39

afferent and efferent; sensory and motor afferent; efferent

Question 40

Cranial Nerves: Connect to the ______

Answer 40

brain

Question 41

Cranial Nerves: Have a bundle of ______, aka _______

Answer 41

cell bodies; nuclei

Question 42

Cranial Nerves: There are _____ pairs numbered ____ through ______

Answer 42

12; I - XII

Question 43

Cranial Nerves: Cranial nerves are ______ (efferent) , _____ (afferent), or ______ (efferent and afferent)

Answer 43

motor; sensory; mixed

Question 44

Spinal Nerves: Connect to the ______ and have ______

Answer 44

spinal cord; ganglia

Question 45

Spinal Nerves: Contain _____ pairs: one per segment, named by ________

Answer 45

31; vertebra

Question 46

Spinal Nerves: 8 ______, 12 _______, 5 _______. 5 _______, 1 _______

Answer 46

cervical; thoracic; lumbar; sacral; coccygeal

Question 47

Spinal Nerves: All spinal nerves are ______ nerves

Answer 47

mixed

Question 48

Spinal Nerves: Mixed nerves in the spine have ______/______ and _____/______ roots

Answer 48

dorsal/sensory; ventral/motor D/S; V/M

Question 49

Spinal Nerves: The ______ root receives input from the skin and viscera

Answer 49

dorsal

Question 50

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: The somatic and autonomic division of the nervous system is a _______ division

Answer 50

functional

Question 51

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: This division is mediated by ______ and ______ nerves

Answer 51

cranial and spinal

Question 52

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: ______: innervates striated muscles, is initiated by the ______ lobe, and is ______

Answer 52

Somatic; frontal; voluntary

Question 53

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: ________: innervates smooth muscles of internal _______ (glands, blood vessels), is initiated by the ______, and is ______

Answer 53

Autonomic; organs; hypothalamus; involuntary

Question 54

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: The autonomic NS is further divided into the ______ and the ______

Answer 54

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Question 55

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: Sympathetic: _________ source; _____ and pre_______ ganglia

Answer 55

thoracolumbar; para- and prevertebral ganglia

Question 56

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS: Parasympathetic: _______ source; ganglia near ______

Answer 56

craniosacral; effector (effector = muscle)

Question 57

Hindbrain: The _____, the ______, and the _______ are the major structures in the hindbrain

Answer 57

medulla; pons; cerebellum

Question 58

Hindbrain: The medulla and pons are ______ nerve nuclei and manage ______, _______, and ______ reflexes

Answer 58

cranial; cardiac; circulatory; respiratory

Question 59

Hindbrain: The medulla and pons have both ______ and _____ pathways

Answer 59

ascending; descending

Question 60

Hindbrain: Medulla and pons contains cerebellar _______

Answer 60

peduncles

Question 61

Hindbrain: Within the medulla and pons is the fourth _____

Answer 61

ventricle

Question 62

Hindbrain: Within the medulla and pons is the ________ formation

Answer 62

reticular

Question 63

Hindbrain: The reticular formation manages the person's level of ______/______ a. Projects to most of _____ b. Determines level of activity in _______ c. Levels: _____, ______. ______, ______

Answer 63

arousal/consciousness; a. cortex b. neurons c. alert, drowsy, stuporous, comatose

Question 64

Hindbrain: The cerebellum is in charge of _____, ______, and ______

Answer 64

coordination; posture; balance (tandem gait for when you're drunk and the PoPo found you)

Question 65

Midbrain: Made of the cerebral _____

Answer 65

peduncle

Question 66

Midbrain: Made of the _____ aqueduct

Answer 66

cerebral

Question 67

Midbrain: The cerebral aqueduct is the PAG: ___________ grey which modulates ______ signals and ______ responses

Answer 67

periaqueductal; pain; defensive

Question 68

Midbrain: The ________ contains the corpora _______

Answer 68

tectum; quadrigemina

Question 69

Midbrain: The corpora quadrigemina is made of the _______ which is in charge of ______ reflexes. It also contains the _______ which is in charge of _____ reflexes and ______ localization

Answer 69

Superior colliculi; visual Inferior colliculi: auditory; sound

Question 70

Midbrain: The ______ is in control of autonomic _____ motor nuclei. The _____ muscle is attached to the lens. The _______ muscle is in iris

Answer 70

tegmentum; eye ciliary sphincter

Question 71

Midbrain: Red _____: _____ coordination

Answer 71

nucleus; motor

Question 72

Midbrain: ______ nigra: motor ______

Answer 72

Substantia; control