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Biopsychology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

A nerve is a bundle of ______ and _______ - mostly _______

A

axons; dendrites; axons

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2
Q

Afferent nerves carry info _______ the ______

A

toward; CNS

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3
Q

Afferent generally refers to ________

A

sensory

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4
Q

Efferent nerves carry info ______ the ______

A

away from; CNS

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5
Q

Efferent nerves generally carry _____ signals, toward the _______

A

motor; muscles

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6
Q

Sympathetic response is …….

A

fight, flight, or freeze

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7
Q

Parasympathetic response is…..

A

rest and digest

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8
Q

Anatomical planes of section:

Horizontal plane

A

cuts through horizontally - separates above from below

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9
Q

Anatomical planes of section:

Coronal plane

A

cuts vertically and separates front to back

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10
Q

Anatomical planes of section:

Sagittal plane

A

cuts vertically and separates left from right

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11
Q

Anatomical Directions:

The meaning of some terms _____ at the midbrain-diencephalic junction

A

change (dorsal, ventral, rostral, caudal)

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12
Q

Anatomical Directions:

Superior is opposite from and above _________

A

inferior

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13
Q

Anatomical Directions:

Anterior is opposite from and in front of _______

A

posterior

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14
Q

Anatomical Directions:

Before the midbrain-diencephalic junction, dorsal is opposite from and above _______

A

ventral

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15
Q

Anatomical Directions:

Before the midbrain-diencephalic junction rostral is opposite from and in front of _______

A

caudal

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16
Q

Anatomical Directions:

After the midbrain-diencephalic junction, ventral is opposite from and in front of ________

A

dorsal

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17
Q

Anatomical Directions:

After the midbrain-diencephalic junction, caudal is opposite from and below _______

A

rostral

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18
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Medial

A

toward the middle

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19
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Lateral

A

toward the side

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20
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Proximal

A

near to

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21
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Distal

A

far from

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22
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

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23
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Contralateral

A

on the far side

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24
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Bilateral

A

on both sides

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25
Q

Other anatomic terms:

Left and right

A

from the owner’s perspective

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26
Q

Neuroanatomical Terms:

Nerve

A

a bundle of axons

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27
Q

Neuroanatomical Terms:

Nucleus/Nuclei

A

a group of cell bodies inside the CNS

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28
Q

Neuroanatomical Terms:

Ganglion/ganglia

A

a group of cell bodies outside the CNS

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29
Q

Neuroanatomical Terms:

Fasciculus

A

pathway or tract between nuclei

30
Q

Neuroanatomical Terms:

Funiculus

A

column or tract in the spinal cord (can ascend, descend, and decussate)

31
Q

Neuroanatomical Terms:

Commissure

A

lateral pathway

32
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

________ division of the nervous system

A

Anatomical

33
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

CNS = ______ + _______

A

brain + spinal cord

34
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

The CNS is enclosed in ______ ( _____ & ______)

A

bone (cranium & spinal column)

35
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

The CNS is wrapped in a protective covering called the _______

A

meninges

36
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

The meninges has three different layers - the ______, ______ and ________

A

dura; arachnoid; pia

37
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

The CNS is bathed in fluid called _______

A

CSF - cerebrospinal fluid

38
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

PNS is made of _____ nerves and ______ nerves

A

cranial; spinal

39
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System:

PNS contains _____ and ______ ( ______ and _______) neurons.

______ means into and _____ means out of CNS

A

afferent and efferent; sensory and motor

afferent; efferent

40
Q

Cranial Nerves:

Connect to the ______

A

brain

41
Q

Cranial Nerves:

Have a bundle of ______, aka _______

A

cell bodies; nuclei

42
Q

Cranial Nerves:

There are _____ pairs numbered ____ through ______

A

12; I - XII

43
Q

Cranial Nerves:

Cranial nerves are ______ (efferent) , _____ (afferent), or ______ (efferent and afferent)

A

motor; sensory; mixed

44
Q

Spinal Nerves:

Connect to the ______ and have ______

A

spinal cord; ganglia

45
Q

Spinal Nerves:

Contain _____ pairs: one per segment, named by ________

A

31; vertebra

46
Q

Spinal Nerves:

8 ______, 12 _______, 5 _______. 5 _______, 1 _______

A

cervical; thoracic; lumbar; sacral; coccygeal

47
Q

Spinal Nerves:

All spinal nerves are ______ nerves

A

mixed

48
Q

Spinal Nerves:

Mixed nerves in the spine have ______/______ and _____/______ roots

A

dorsal/sensory; ventral/motor

D/S; V/M

49
Q

Spinal Nerves:

The ______ root receives input from the skin and viscera

A

dorsal

50
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

The somatic and autonomic division of the nervous system is a _______ division

A

functional

51
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

This division is mediated by ______ and ______ nerves

A

cranial and spinal

52
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

______: innervates striated muscles, is initiated by the ______ lobe, and is ______

A

Somatic; frontal; voluntary

53
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

________: innervates smooth muscles of internal _______ (glands, blood vessels), is initiated by the ______, and is ______

A

Autonomic; organs; hypothalamus; involuntary

54
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

The autonomic NS is further divided into the ______ and the ______

A

sympathetic; parasympathetic

55
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

Sympathetic: _________ source; _____ and pre_______ ganglia

A

thoracolumbar; para- and prevertebral ganglia

56
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic NS:

Parasympathetic: _______ source; ganglia near ______

A

craniosacral; effector (effector = muscle)

57
Q

Hindbrain:

The _____, the ______, and the _______ are the major structures in the hindbrain

A

medulla; pons; cerebellum

58
Q

Hindbrain:

The medulla and pons are ______ nerve nuclei and manage ______, _______, and ______ reflexes

A

cranial; cardiac; circulatory; respiratory

59
Q

Hindbrain:

The medulla and pons have both ______ and _____ pathways

A

ascending; descending

60
Q

Hindbrain:

Medulla and pons contains cerebellar _______

A

peduncles

61
Q

Hindbrain:

Within the medulla and pons is the fourth _____

A

ventricle

62
Q

Hindbrain:

Within the medulla and pons is the ________ formation

A

reticular

63
Q

Hindbrain:

The reticular formation manages the person’s level of ______/______

a. Projects to most of _____
b. Determines level of activity in _______
c. Levels: _____, ______. ______, ______

A

arousal/consciousness;

a. cortex
b. neurons
c. alert, drowsy, stuporous, comatose

64
Q

Hindbrain:

The cerebellum is in charge of _____, ______, and ______

A

coordination; posture; balance (tandem gait for when you’re drunk and the PoPo found you)

65
Q

Midbrain:

Made of the cerebral _____

A

peduncle

66
Q

Midbrain:

Made of the _____ aqueduct

A

cerebral

67
Q

Midbrain:

The cerebral aqueduct is the PAG: ___________ grey which modulates ______ signals and ______ responses

A

periaqueductal; pain; defensive

68
Q

Midbrain:

The ________ contains the corpora _______

A

tectum; quadrigemina

69
Q

Midbrain:

The corpora quadrigemina is made of the _______ which is in charge of ______ reflexes.

It also contains the _______ which is in charge of _____ reflexes and ______ localization

A

Superior colliculi; visual

Inferior colliculi: auditory; sound

70
Q

Midbrain:

The ______ is in control of autonomic _____ motor nuclei.

The _____ muscle is attached to the lens.

The _______ muscle is in iris

A

tegmentum; eye

ciliary

sphincter

71
Q

Midbrain:

Red _____: _____ coordination

A

nucleus; motor

72
Q

Midbrain:

______ nigra: motor ______

A

Substantia; control

Biopsychology (3 decks)

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