Nervous System

Question 1

Function of Nervous System

Answer 1

detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major Organs of Nervous System

Answer 2

Brain
Spinal Cord
Senses
Nerves

Question 3

Difference between Neurons and Neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons (make up 10% of the nervous system)

Neuroglia (“nerve-glue”, make up 90% of the nervous system)

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

glial cell of the peripheral nervous system that helps separate and insulate nerve cells.

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

the button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 11

CSF

Answer 11

produced in spaces within the brain called ventricles. CSF is constantly being produced, circulated and reabsorbed within these ventricles.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

Outer cerebral cortex= “gray matter,” made of cell bodies & dendrites
Controls conscious activities
Inner cerebral medulla= “white matter,” made of myelinated axons

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

Voluntary movements (walking)
Reasoning & decision-making
Memory
Ability to predict consequences of actions
Planning
Verbal communication

Question 14

Parietal Lobe

Answer 14

The parietal lobe controls:
Sensations
Visual-spatial processing
Body position

Question 15

Occipital Lobe

Answer 15

The occipital lobe controls:

Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

Question 16

Temporal Lobe

Answer 16

The temporal lobe controls:
Memory
Comprehension & pronunciation of words
Sensations of smell and sound
Emotional association of memories

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland (often called the “master endocrine gland”)
Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.
Broken into three regions:
	Midbrain
	Pons
	Medulla Oblongata

Question 20

Brainstem (Midbrain)

Answer 20

Also known as mesencephalon
Relays info to cerebrum
Controls body movements and postures

Question 21

Brainstem (Pons)

Answer 21

Almost completely made of white matter that links cerebral cortex and cerebellum
Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge)
Central control of breathing

Question 22

Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata)

Answer 22

Transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain

Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

Near back of skull
Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient
All involuntary movements
Aids in “muscle memory”

Question 24

Spinal Cord

Answer 24

cross section of the spinal cord has a “butterfly” of gray matter surrounded by white matter