Nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

gathers info, decides on a course of action and responds

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2
Q

Sensory neurons

A

afferent (ascending) pathways to brain

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3
Q

Motor neurons

A

efferent (descending) pathways from brain

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4
Q

Interneurons

A

link between sensory and motor neurons, found in the brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

Cell body

A

carries out basic processes of the cell, stroma ( how neuron receives input)

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6
Q

dendrites

A

receive message from nearby neurons

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7
Q

axon

A

transmits electrical impulse (action potential) from cell body down length of neuron

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8
Q

myelin sheath

A

made up of fats, insulates axon, making transmission faster and more efficient

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9
Q

synaptic terminals (aka axon terminals or terminal branches)

A

store neurotransmitters, then release them to activate (or inhibit) other neurons

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10
Q

action potential

A

when a neuron activates, or fires, it generates an electrical current that travels from the start of the axon and travels to the terminals

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11
Q

axon at rest

A

(not firing) inside of the axon is negatively charged with respect to the outside

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12
Q

axon firing

A

Inside of the axon is now positively charged

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13
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals released by one neuron and binding to another. can be either excitatory (encourage firing) or inhibitory (discourage firing) on a neuron. they “duke it out” in which one to fire

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14
Q

serotonin

A

sleep regulation, appetite, anxiety, and depression. many current antidepressants increase its effects

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

Emotions, pleasure, attention, movement. Also involved in schizophrenia (too much DNA), Parkinson’s ( too little DNA) and drug abuse

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16
Q

Norepinephrine

A

emotional arousal/energy

17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

memory and learning, muscle activity (black widow venom affects it leading to muscle spasms), alzheimer’s disease involves insufficient production of it

18
Q

Glutamate

A

Very common excitatory NT in brain, learning and memory

19
Q

GABA

A

very common inhibitory NT in brain, “depressant”, relaxant, effects enhanced by alcohol

20
Q

Central Nervous system

A

one larger whole can be broken into two subunits (CNS and PNS).

21
Q

PNS

A

has 2 subdivisions; the somatic and autonomic nervous system

22
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

think of it as “voluntary” nervous system

23
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

controls autonomic processes, like breathing and body temperature

24
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activates “fight-or-flight” response

25
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

active more often, controls normal operations and calm the body

26
Q

effects of sympathetic

A

increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, increased blood glucose(energy), inhibit digestion, salivation, relax bladder, dilate pupils

27
Q

effects of Parasympathetic

A

decreased heart rate, decreased breathing rate, glucose to fat, stimulate digestion, saliva, contract bladder, contract pupils