more background

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

emphasized importance of observing and experiencing the world. important for science, and psychology

Question 2

Descartes

Answer 2

much human behavior and all animal behavior is reflexive- automatic, and subject to natural, external causes

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 3

1st psychology lab; emphasized structuralism, used introspection

Question 4

structuralism

Answer 4

study of the structure of immediate conscious experience

Question 5

Introspection

Answer 5

self-examination of mental processes

Question 6

William James

Answer 6

American, emphasized functionalism, behavior and on practical applications of psychology

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

study of how the mind works and why we behave/think the way we do

Question 8

bias 1a

Answer 8

an inclination of temperament or outlook especially: a sometimes unreasoned judgement: prejudice

Question 9

bias c1

Answer 9

deviation of the expected value of a statistical estimate from what it estimates

Question 10

bias 2

Answer 10

systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others

Question 11

psychodynamic

Answer 11

psycho-analytical; explains human behavior by focus on unconscious, clinical problems due to unconscious conflicts, issues that arise come from our unconscious mind

Question 12

behaviorist

Answer 12

focus on observable behavior, behavior changes through learning

Question 13

humanistic

Answer 13

focus on self-concept, realizing our full potential, and the challenges in doing so; optimistic/positive

Question 14

cognitive

Answer 14

unlike behaviorism, focuses on what is happening in the mind; thought, information processing, memory, etc

Question 15

neuroscience

Answer 15

influence of the nervous system (brain, etc) on behavior

Question 16

social-cultural

Answer 16

influence of other people (peers, family, society) on behavior; often involves comparing and contrasting cultures

Question 17

operant conditioning

Answer 17

training someone to respond to stimulus with a desirable outcome; changing behavior by providing consequences

Question 18

psychometrics

Answer 18

measuring mental functions, capacity

Question 19

albert binet

Answer 19

first intelligence test

Question 20

tenacity

Answer 20

a willingness to accept ideas as valid because they have been accepted so long or repeated so often they seem true

Question 21

intuition (common sense)

Answer 21

accepting ideas as valid because they “feel” intuitively true

Question 22

authority

Answer 22

accepting ideas as valid because some respected authority asserts that are true

Question 23

rationalism (reason)

Answer 23

a process that develops valid ideas using existing ideas and principles of logic

Question 24

Empiricism

Answer 24

gaining knowledge by observing events around us

Question 25

science

Answer 25

combines rationalism with empiricism, using rationalism to develop tentative statements (hypotheses) and empiricism to test them

Question 26

what is science

Answer 26

a method of exploration that strives toward higher-quality ignorance (asking better, more sophisticated questions)

Question 27

SQ3R study system

Answer 27

study system that stands for “survey, question, read, retrieve, and review”

Question 28

Scientific method- “O.H.D.A.C”

Answer 28

1 - make an Observation
2- make a Hypothesis
3- Design a study
4- collect and Analyze data
5- make Conclusions

Question 29

Bystander effect

Answer 29

‘the data they analyzed and drew conclusions from indicated that the ‘victims’ were helped more quickly when there was only one other person in the room.’