Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY113 biological psychology > nervous system 1 and 2 > Flashcards

nervous system 1 and 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what connects the hemispheres of the brain

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three parts of the brain

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sagital section

A

viewpoint as though cutting down corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

coronal section

A

viewpoint as if cutting through brain from ear to ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

horizontal section/plane

A

viewing brain cut horizontally, from eyes to occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dorsal

A

upper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ventral

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

medial

A

towards middle of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lateral

A

towards outside of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anterior

A

front of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

posterior

A

back of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hindbrain

A

-connects spinal cord to cortex
-controls HR, breathing, BP, digestion, coordination of movement, posture and sleep patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what substructures are within the hindbrain

A

medulla: connects brain and spinal cord, associated with nerve signals

pons: relay from forebrain to cerebellum, sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control

reticular formation: mass of nerve cells and fibres primarily in brain stem

cerebellum: known as ‘little brain’, higher cog. functions, integrates sensory info, voluntary smooth movement (balance), modification of behaviour with experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

midbrain

A

-known as relay station
-connects brain stem to forebrain
-coordinates sensory info for visual and auditory reflexes like tracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

midbrain substructures

A

tectum and tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

forebrain

A

-higher level cog. processing
-controls cog. sensory and motor function: sleeping, maintaining temp., movements and emotions etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

structures within forebrain

A

-cerebral cortex
-diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
-limbic system ( amygdala and hippocampus etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

frontal: planning, decisions, personality
parietal: touch, temp., pain
temporal: auditory, speech, language
occipital: vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a gyrus

A

protruding ridges or folds on the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a sulcus + fissure

A

a groove in the brain (inside one of the wrinkles on surface of cerebral cortex)
fissure = deep groove in surface of brain e.g separating the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the role of the thalamus in the diencephalon

A

processing, relay centre, all sensory modalities (apart from smell), arousal, awareness, motor function, memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the role of the hypothalamus in the diencephalon

A

controls ANS, hormone release, homeostasis (eating, drinking, temp., fight/flight)

24
Q

what is included in the limbic system and what are its roles

A

-amygdala, cingulate gyrus/cortex, parahippocampul gyrus, olfactory tract

-memory, learning, motivation
-influences endocrine and ANS
-links subcortical structure and the cerebral cortex

25
Q

role of the basal ganglia

A

motor control, learning, executive function

-irregular output can cause huntingtons, parkinsons

26
Q

role of spinal cord

A

allows voluntary and involuntary motions of muscles and perception of senses
reflex pathway processes in spinal cord not brain

27
Q

what are the two branches of the PNS

A

somatic and autonomic

28
Q

somatic NS

A

muscle control of body, voluntary and involuntary (reflexes), how we interact with external world

29
Q

autonomic NS

A

bodily functions not consciously directed e.g breathin, HR, digestion
branches in sympathetic (prepares for fight/flight) and parasympathetic (turns off fight or flight)

30
Q

anatomy of neurons

A

soma
-dna stored in nucleus
-metabolic centre of cell (proteins generated)
-info processed here
dendrite
-receives info from other neurons
-branch like fibres
axon
-transmitter of action potentials to other neurons
-terminal buttons release neurotransmitters

31
Q

sensory neurons

A

bring info to CNS from body
have long dendrites and long axons

32
Q

interneurons

A

associate sensory and motor neurons
activity in CNS
short axon

33
Q

motor neuron

A

from CNS to muscles (effectors)
long axon has myelin sheath

34
Q

what are glial cells

A

support cells in the NS
maintain homeostasis
produce myelin
protect neurons

35
Q

myelination

A

axons myelinated by Schwann cells (type of glial cells)
gaps are nodes of ranvier allowing saltatory conduction
lipid rich
speeds up rate of conduction

36
Q

what happens if myelination is damaged

A

multiple sclerosis = breakdown of myelin sheath
changes in sensation, muscle weakness, difficulties with coordination, fatigue

37
Q

grey matter

A

densely packed cell bodies for processing
grey inner section of spinal cord and outer section of the brain

38
Q

white matter

A

axons and myelination showing communication occurs here

39
Q

what is the direction of neural transmission

A

dendrite - soma - axon - terminal buttons

40
Q

what is the synapse

A

tiny gap between pre and post synaptic cell where neurotransmitters are released

41
Q

what is the resting potential and how is it maintained

A

-70mV
-maintained by sodium potassium voltage gated channels
-pumps 3Na+ out for every 2K+ in so inside neuron is more negative than outside the cell

42
Q

what are the three types of channels

A

voltage gated channels: e.g K+, Na+, when cell reaches certin charge the channel opens allowing ions into cell

ligand gate: a molecule on outside of cell (e.g neurotransmitter) binds to the channel causing the gate to open

tension gate: gates that are pulled apart by physical movement e.g pulling at the skin

43
Q

what is an action potential

A

quick change of charge in a neuron

44
Q

what is the process of an action potential

A
  1. cell loses its negative charge so becomes more positive, reaching threshold (depolarisation), triggering action potential
  2. cell becomes negatively charged again (repolarisation)
  3. temporarily becomes more negative than resting potential (hyperpolarisation)
45
Q

after an action potential on the pre synaptic cell, what happens to the ligand gates of the post synaptic cell

A

neurotransmitter binds to gates on dendrites of post synaptic neuron, positive ions enter cell changing potential from negative to less negative

46
Q

what is the threshold for an action potential

A

-55mV

47
Q

where are the neurotransmitters stored

A

in vesicles in pre synaptic neuron

48
Q

excitatory response

A

neurotransmitters open up ligand gate causing positive ions to enter post synaptic neuron, leading to an action potential

49
Q

inhibitory response

A

neurotransmitters do not open the ligand gates of post synaptic cell so there is no action potential

50
Q

acetylcholine

A

muscle contraction, memory

51
Q

dopamine

A

smooth controlled movements, attention, memory, pleasure

52
Q

serotonin

A

sleep regulation, dreaming, mood, arousal, depression, anxiety

53
Q

noradrenaline

A

alertness, state of arousal

54
Q

gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

A

inhibitory effect, anxiety, muscle relaxation

55
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

second messaging system
longer lasting slower messages
coordinates NS

56
Q

what are water soluble hormones

A

dissolve in water
cannot dissolve through cell membrane so bind to receptors on outside of membrane

57
Q

what are fat soluble hormones

A

can dissolve in fats
dissolve through cholesterol in cell membrane so hormones can pass through membrane and bind to receptors inside target cell

PSY113 biological psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions