Nervous Syste., Sensory Organs And Functions Flashcards
When lack of insulin leads to excessive levels of glucose in the blood because cells aren’t able to take in glucose
Hyperglycemia
A deficiency of insulin secretion or in some cases a lack of responsiveness to the presence of insulin the cause of diabetes in most case is damaged to the Beta cells in the islets of langerhans
Diabetes mellitus
Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islet of Langerhanss cells. Glucagon opposes many of the effects of insulin by decreasing uptake of glucose by cells.
Glucagon
Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islet of Langerhans cells.
Insulin
Cells scattered among the exocrine pancreatic cells. Insulin and glucagon are the primary hormones secreted by these islet cells
Islet of Langerhans
The outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, including aldosterone, glucocorticoids and sex hormones.
Adrenal cortex
The inner core tissue of the adrenal gland; derived from nervous tissue; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla
Also called parathormone, it’s secreted by the parathyroid glands. Causes the blood calcium level to rise
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Hormones created by the thyroid glands; regulates the level of blood calcium by inhibiting the release of calcium from bone
CALCITONIN
Located at the base of the brain; consists of the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. Its functions involve the control of other endocrine glands
Pituitary gland
The process that makes many endocrine glands self-segulating. breakdown in this self-regulation can lead to disorders of the endocrine secretion
Negative feedback
Involves the secretion of substances outside the gland through a duct. The glands in the skin and gastro intestinal track are examples.
Exocrine
Involves the secretion of hormones by glands directly into the blood
Endocrine system
Disease of the eye in which the drainage of aqueous humor is obstructed or decreased, causing increased intraocular pressure and pain
Glaucoma
The pressure of the production and absorption of aqueous fluid within the aqueous chamber
Intraocular pressure
The larger, posterior chamber of the eye
Vitreous chamber
The smaller, anterior chamber of the eye
Aqueous chamber
Also called nocicepters; the most numerous sensory receptors in the eye. They’re located and nearly every part of the body except the brain
Pain receptors
The general senses of hunger, thirst, and the feeling of fulness in hollow organ such as the urinary bladder and stomach
Visceral senses
The 8th cranial nerve; carries 2 types of sensory signals from the ear. One is hearing; the other signal includes motion and sense of balance
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Spinal nerve that supplies nerves to the pelvic limbs
Lumbosacral plexus
Spinal nerve found medial to the scapula on each side of the body
Brachial plexus
Carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles
Motor pathway
Carrie signals regarding touch, pain, temperature, stretch, and so on, to the central nervous system
Sensory pathway
Forms the connection between the brain and the spinal cord
Brain stem
Also called between brains; acts as a passage way between the brainstem and the cerebrum
Diencephalon
External coverings of the brain or spinal cord tissue in the central nervous system
Meninges
Part of the central nervous system, gm composed of aggregates of brain neuron cell bodies; wm It’s composed of axons and dendrite of those neurons
Gray matter and white matter
A group of neurotransmitters that includes epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
Catecholamines
Brain chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another; stored in synaptic vesicles in the axon of a nerve cell and released into the synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters
The space between 2 neurons
Synaptic cleft
Projection extending from the cell body, usually in the opposite direction of the dendrites; transmit signals from the cell body to other neurons or to target organs such as muscles
Axons
1 of 2 types of cell extensions that project from the cell body; the either sends the environment or receive signals from other neurons
Dendrites
Carry signals initiating body movement from the brain
Upper motor neurons
Carry signals initiating movement from the spinal cord to a muscle
lower motor neurons
Also called a neuron; the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system
Nerve cell
Composed of the nerves traveling from the brain or spinal cord to target organs and back again
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system (CNS)
The study of the way body parts function - what they do and how they interact with each other
Physiology
