Nervous Syste., Sensory Organs And Functions

Question 1

When lack of insulin leads to excessive levels of glucose in the blood because cells aren’t able to take in glucose

Answer 1

Hyperglycemia

Question 2

A deficiency of insulin secretion or in some cases a lack of responsiveness to the presence of insulin the cause of diabetes in most case is damaged to the Beta cells in the islets of langerhans

Answer 2

Diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islet of Langerhanss cells. Glucagon opposes many of the effects of insulin by decreasing uptake of glucose by cells.

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islet of Langerhans cells.

Answer 4

Insulin

Question 5

Cells scattered among the exocrine pancreatic cells. Insulin and glucagon are the primary hormones secreted by these islet cells

Answer 5

Islet of Langerhans

Question 6

The outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, including aldosterone, glucocorticoids and sex hormones.

Answer 6

Adrenal cortex

Question 7

The inner core tissue of the adrenal gland; derived from nervous tissue; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 7

Adrenal medulla

Question 8

Also called parathormone, it’s secreted by the parathyroid glands. Causes the blood calcium level to rise

Answer 8

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

Hormones created by the thyroid glands; regulates the level of blood calcium by inhibiting the release of calcium from bone

Answer 9

CALCITONIN

Question 10

Located at the base of the brain; consists of the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. Its functions involve the control of other endocrine glands

Answer 10

Pituitary gland

Question 11

The process that makes many endocrine glands self-segulating. breakdown in this self-regulation can lead to disorders of the endocrine secretion

Answer 11

Negative feedback

Question 12

Involves the secretion of substances outside the gland through a duct. The glands in the skin and gastro intestinal track are examples.

Answer 12

Exocrine

Question 13

Involves the secretion of hormones by glands directly into the blood

Answer 13

Endocrine system

Question 14

Disease of the eye in which the drainage of aqueous humor is obstructed or decreased, causing increased intraocular pressure and pain

Answer 14

Glaucoma

Question 15

The pressure of the production and absorption of aqueous fluid within the aqueous chamber

Answer 15

Intraocular pressure

Question 16

The larger, posterior chamber of the eye

Answer 16

Vitreous chamber

Question 17

The smaller, anterior chamber of the eye

Answer 17

Aqueous chamber

Question 18

Also called nocicepters; the most numerous sensory receptors in the eye. They’re located and nearly every part of the body except the brain

Answer 18

Pain receptors

Question 19

The general senses of hunger, thirst, and the feeling of fulness in hollow organ such as the urinary bladder and stomach

Answer 19

Visceral senses

Question 20

The 8th cranial nerve; carries 2 types of sensory signals from the ear. One is hearing; the other signal includes motion and sense of balance

Answer 20

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 21

Spinal nerve that supplies nerves to the pelvic limbs

Answer 21

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 22

Spinal nerve found medial to the scapula on each side of the body

Answer 22

Brachial plexus

Question 23

Carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles

Answer 23

Motor pathway

Question 24

Carrie signals regarding touch, pain, temperature, stretch, and so on, to the central nervous system

Answer 24

Sensory pathway

Question 25

Forms the connection between the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 25

Brain stem

Question 26

Also called between brains; acts as a passage way between the brainstem and the cerebrum

Answer 26

Diencephalon

Question 27

External coverings of the brain or spinal cord tissue in the central nervous system

Answer 27

Meninges

Question 28

Part of the central nervous system, gm composed of aggregates of brain neuron cell bodies; wm It’s composed of axons and dendrite of those neurons

Answer 28

Gray matter and white matter

Question 29

A group of neurotransmitters that includes epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine

Answer 29

Catecholamines

Question 30

Brain chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another; stored in synaptic vesicles in the axon of a nerve cell and released into the synaptic cleft

Answer 30

Neurotransmitters

Question 31

The space between 2 neurons

Answer 31

Synaptic cleft

Question 32

Projection extending from the cell body, usually in the opposite direction of the dendrites; transmit signals from the cell body to other neurons or to target organs such as muscles

Answer 32

Axons

Question 33

1 of 2 types of cell extensions that project from the cell body; the either sends the environment or receive signals from other neurons

Answer 33

Dendrites

Question 34

Carry signals initiating body movement from the brain

Answer 34

Upper motor neurons

Question 35

Carry signals initiating movement from the spinal cord to a muscle

Answer 35

lower motor neurons

Question 36

Also called a neuron; the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 36

Nerve cell

Question 37

Composed of the nerves traveling from the brain or spinal cord to target organs and back again

Answer 37

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 38

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 38

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 39

The study of the way body parts function - what they do and how they interact with each other

Answer 39

Physiology