Nervous and Endocrine Systems Flashcards
Parts of a Neuron
Dendrites, axon, nucleus, myelin sheath, axon terminal, cell body
Dendrites
Receives information from other neurons
Axon
To carry electrical impulses between the brain and the rest of the body.
Myelin Sheath
An insulating layer that protects the axons
Nucleus
The control centre
Axon Terminal
Transmits messages through synapses
Cell Body
Stores DNA and nutrients for the cell
Types of neurons
Sensory, motor and inter
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nerves, receptors and neurons. Is made up of the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.
Somatic Nervous System
A part of the peripheral nervous system. In contrast to the autonomic NS, it regulates voluntary bodily processes. It carries messages between the brain and muscles allowing voluntary movement.
Autonomic NS
Regulates involuntary bodily processes. Is made up of the para- and sympathetic NS.
Sympathetic NS vs Parasympathetic NS
Sympathetic: ‘Fight or flight’.
Parasympathetic: Calms the body down and conserves energy.
Parts of the brain
Hypothalamus, Cerebrum, Brain stem, Cerebellum, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Corpus callosum
Hypothalamus
Links the nervous and endocrine systems
Cerebrum
Aids voluntary movement, speech and thinking
Brain Stem
Aids breathing, eating and the heartbeat. It is connected to both the brain and the spinal cord.
Cerebellum
Balance, coordination and involuntary memory (muscle memory)
Corpus Callosum
Joins the 2 cerebral hemispheres in the brain
Nervous System vs Endocrine System
NS: Faster response, shorter lasting, uses neurons, uses impulses
ES: Slower response, longer lasting, uses glands and hormones, through the bloodstream, glands
Similarities of the NS and ES
React to stimuli, help maintain homeostasis, send messages, connected to the hypothalamus.
Stimulus response model
Stimuli, receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector, response
