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Nervous Anatomy (NOVAK) Flashcards

1
Q

How many total vertebrae are there?

A

32-34

  • 7 Cervical
  • 12 Thoracic
  • 5 Lumbar
  • 5 Sacrum
  • 3-5 Coccyx
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2
Q

How many Cervical vertebrae are there?

A. 7

B. 12

C. 5

D. Typically 4

A

A. 7

Cervical = 7

Thoracic = 12

Lumbar = 5

Sacrum = 5

Coccyx = typically 4

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3
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?

A. 7

B. 12

C. 5

D. Typically 4

A

C. 5

Cervical = 7

Thoracic = 12

Lumbar = 5

Sacrum = 5

Coccyx = typically 4

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4
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

A. 7

B. 12

C. 5

D. Typically 4

A

B. 12

Cervical = 7

Thoracic = 12

Lumbar = 5

Sacrum = 5

Coccyx = typically 4

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5
Q

Discuss the Intervertebral Foramina:

  • What do they provide?
  • What are the boundries?
A

Intervertebral Foramina

  • Provide passage for 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Boundries:

  • Anterior = vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs
  • Posterior = Zygapophyseal , articular process
  • Superior = pedicles
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6
Q

Where is the Spinal Cord located?

A
  • Medulla to vertebral L1 (or L2)
  • Travels through foramen magnum and vertebral canal
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7
Q

Which of the following innervates the lower limbs?

A. Cervical enlargement

B. Lumbosacral enlargement

A

B. Lumbosacral enlargement

Cervical enlargement = innervates upper limbs

Lumbosacral enlargement = innervate lower limbs

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8
Q

All of the following is true regarding the Cervical enlargement EXCEPT:

A. C4-T1

B. Spinal nerves of brachial plexus

C. Innervates upper limbs

D. Spinal nerves of lumbosacral plexuses

A

D. Spinal nerves of lumbosacral plexuses

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9
Q

Which of the following is cone shaped and terminates at L1 or L2?

A. Conus medularis

B. Cauda equina

C. Filum terminale

D. Spinal meninges

A

A. Conus medularis

note: the Conus medularis terminates at L1 or L2 and is important in lumbar punctures

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10
Q

Which of the followingo is located at the caudal end of the spinal cord?

A. Conus medularis

B. Cauda equina

C. Filum terminale

D. Spinal meninges

A

A. Conus medularis

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11
Q

Which of the following is continuation of pia mater, distal to the spinal cord?

A. Conus medularis

B. Cauda equina

C. Filum terminale

D. Spinal meninges

A

C. Filum terminale

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12
Q

Which of the following is a bluish-white color lies within the cauda equina?

A. Conus medularis

B. Cauda equina

C. Filum terminale

D. Spinal meninges

A

C. Filum terminale

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13
Q

Which of the following starts at L1 or L2?

A. Conus medularis

B. Cauda equina

C. Filum terminale

D. Spinal meninges

A

C. Filum terminale

Conus medularis:

  • caudal end of spinal cord
  • cone shaped
  • terminates at L1 or L2
  • important for lumbar punctures

Cauda equina:

  • ventral and dorsal roots of lumbar and sacral nerves, distal to the spinal cord
  • Lumbosacral roots

Filum terminale:

  • starts at L1 or L2
  • continuation of pia matter, distal to the spinal cord
  • lies within the cauda equina
  • distinctive bluish-white color
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14
Q

Which of the following is associataed w/ Lumbosacral roots?

A. Conus medularis

B. Cauda equina

C. Filum terminale

D. Spinal meninges

A

B. Cauda equina

Conus medularis:

  • caudal end of spinal cord
  • cone shaped
  • terminates at L1 or L2
    • important for lumbar punctures

Cauda equina:

  • ventral and dorsal roots of lumbar and sacral nerves, distal to the spinal cord
  • Lumbosacral roots

Filum terminale:

  • starts at L1 or L2
  • continuation of pia matter, distal to the spinal cord
  • lies within the cauda equina
  • distinctive bluish-white color
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15
Q

Which of the following contains Denticulate ligaments (kinda like teeth)?

A. Dura mater

B. Arachnoid mater

C. Pia mater

D. All of the above

A

C. Pia mater

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16
Q

Which of the following terminates as filum terminale (like an anchor)?

A. Dura mater

B. Arachnoid mater

C. Pia mater

D. All of the above

A

C. Pia mater

note: Dura mater and Arachnoid mater terminate at S2

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17
Q

Why would you do a spinal cord tap at L3 or L4?

A

Bc the conas medularis terminates at L1 or L2 and is important for lumbar punctures

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18
Q

Which of the following is a Potential Space?

A. Cranial of epidural space

B. Spinal of epidural space

C. Subarachnoid space

D. none of the above

A

A. Cranial of epidural space

Epidural Cranial space = potential space

Epidural Spinal space = true space

Subdural space = potential space

Subarachnoid space = true space

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19
Q

Which of the following is a Potential Space?

A. Subdural space

B. Spinal of epidural space

C. Subarachnoid space

D. none of the above

A

A. Subdural space

Epidural Cranial space = potential space

Epidural Spinal space = true space

Subdural space = potential space

Subarachnoid space = true space

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20
Q

All of the following are True spaces EXCEPT:

A. Subdural space

B. Spinal of epidural space

C. Subarachnoid space

D. All of the above are true spaces

A

A. Subdural space

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21
Q

All of the following are Potential spaces EXCEPT:

A. Epidural Cranial space

B. Subdural space

C. Subarachnoid space

D. All of the above are potential spaces

A

C. Subarachnoid space

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22
Q

Which of the following contains CSF and is involved in spinal taps?

A. Cranial Epidural space

B. Spinal Epidural space

C. Subdural space

D. Subarachnoid space

A

D. Subarachnoid space

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23
Q

Discuss Lumbar puncture/spinal tap:

  • Where is this performed?
  • What does it remove?
A
  • At L3-L4
  • remove CSF
24
Q

Which of the following is Butterfly or H-shaped?

A. Grey matter

B. White matter

A

A. Grey matter

25
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ the anterior, posterior and later horns?

A. Grey matter

B. White matter

A

A. Grey matter

26
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ anterior, posterior and lateral funiculus?

A. Grey matter

B. White matter

A

B. White matter

27
Q

Why is White matter the color white?

A

myelination

28
Q

What does SAME DAVE stand for?

A

Same Afferent Motor Efferent

Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent

29
Q

Which of the following is the Dorsal Root Ganglia?

A. sensory afferent

B. motor efferent

A

A. sensory afferent

note SAME DAVE (doral afferent)

30
Q

Which of the following is the Ventral Root Ganglia?

A. sensory afferent

B. motor efferent

A

B. motor efferent

note: SAME DAVE (ventral = efferent)

31
Q

The anterior/ventral horn is _____.

A. sensory afferent

B. motor efferent

A

B. motor efferent

32
Q

The posterior/dorsal horn is _____.

A. sensory afferent

B. motor efferent

A

A. sensory afferent

33
Q

All of the following contain the same number of vertebrae as spinal nerves EXCEPT:

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

E. Coccygeal

A

A. Cervical

Cervical = 7 vertebrae but 8 spinal nerves

Thoracic = 12 vertebrae and 12 spinal nerves

Lumbar = 5 vertebrae and 5 spinal nerves

34
Q

Which of the following contains 12 vertebrae and 12 spinal nerves?

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

E. Coccygeal

A

B. Thoracic

35
Q

Which of the following contains 7 vertebrae and 8 spinal nerves?

A. Cervical

B. Thoracic

C. Lumbar

D. Sacral

E. Coccygeal

A

A. Cervical

note: C1-C7 (spinal nerves) exit the intervertebral foramina superior to the same-numbered vertebrae. C8 exits inferior to C7 vertebrae
note: T1 spinal nerve originates BELOW T1 vertebrae

36
Q

Which of the following is both sensory and motor?

A. Ventral root

B. Dorsal root

C. Rami

D. All of the above

A

C. Rami

Ventral and dorsal roots are one way streets (dorsal = sensory and ventral = motor)

Rami is a two-way street w/ both sensory and motor

37
Q

_______ is the area of skin supplied by the branches of a single spinal nerve.

A

Dermatomes

note: Herpes Zoster or Shingles is involved in dermatomes

38
Q

Which of the following travels UP the spinal cord?

A. Sensory pathways

B. Motor pathways

A

A. Sensory pathways

note: when you touch something, the information goes up your spinal cord to your brain (CNS). Your CNS responds by sending information back down the spinal cord to get a muscle reaction

39
Q

90% of pathways ______ (cross).

40
Q

Which of the following is a sensory neuron?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

41
Q

Which of the following is an interneuron of the Somatosensory neuron pathway?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

D. B and C

42
Q

Which of the following of the Somatosensory neurons contains it’s cell body in the DRG of spinal nerves or sensory ganglia of cranial nerves?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

43
Q

Which of the following of the Somatosensory pathway contains it’s cell body in brainstem nucleus?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

Primary neuron = DRG of spinal nerves or sensory ganglia of cranial nerves

Secondary neurons = brainstem nucleus

Tertiary neurons = thalamus

44
Q

Which of the following of the Somatosensory neuron pathway contains it’s cell body in the thalamus?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

Primary neuron = DRG of spinal nerves or sensory ganglia of cranial nerves

Secondary neurons = brainstem nucleus

Tertiary neurons = thalamus

45
Q

Which of the following of the Somatosensory neuron pathway projects to the thalamus or cerebellum?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

note: secondary neurons have a cell body located in brainstem nucleus
note: tertiary neurons have a cell body in the thalamus but projects to the cortex

46
Q

Which of the following of the Somatosensory neuron pathway projects to the cortex but contains it’s cell body in the thalamus?

A. Primary (1st order) neurons

B. Secondary (2nd order) neurons

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

D. B and C

A

C. Tertiary (3rd order) neurons

47
Q

Disccuss the Trigeminal Sensory Pathways:

A
  • Trigeminal touch pathway
    • touch, vibration and proprioception
  • Trigeminal pain/temperature pathway
    • pain and temp
  • Sensation of teeth, tongue and oral cavity
  • CNV
48
Q

Which of the following of the has a cell body in the trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion?

A. Primary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

C. Secondary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

A

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

49
Q

Which of the following contains it’s cell body in the principal trigeminal nucleus?

A. Primary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

C. Secondary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

A

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

note: this is where tooth pain originates

50
Q

Which of the following contains it’s cell body in the VPM of the thalamus?

A. Primary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

C. Secondary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

A

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

51
Q

Which of the following decussates in the pons?

A. Primary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

C. Secondary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

A

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

52
Q

Which of the following contains it’s cell body in the spinal trigeminal nucleus?

A. Primary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

C. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Pain/Temperature pathway

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

A

C. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Pain/Temperature pathway

53
Q

Which of the following decussates in the medulla?

A. Primary neuron of Somatosensory pathway

B. Primary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

C. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Pain/Temperature pathway

D. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

E. Tertiary neuron of Trigeminal Touch pathway

A

C. Secondary neuron of Trigeminal Pain/Temperature pathway

2ndary neuron of trigeminal touch = decussates in pons

2ndary neuron of trigeminal pain/temp = decussates in medulla

54
Q

Which of the following contains it’s cell body in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

A. Upper motor neuron of somatic motor neuron pathway

B. Lower motor neuron of somatic motor neuron pathway

A

B. Lower motor neuron of somatic motor neuron pathway

55
Q

Which of the following contains it’s cell body in the cerebral cortex ?

A. Upper motor neuron of somatic motor neuron pathway

B. Lower motor neuron of somatic motor neuron pathway

A

B. Lower motor neuron of somatic motor neuron pathway

56
Q

All of the following are true regarding the secondary neuron of the trigeminal touch pathway EXCEPT:

A. Cell body in the principal trigeminal nucleus

B. Decussates in the pons

C. Decussates in the medulla

D. Travels up trigeminothalamic tract

A

C. Decussates in the medulla

2ndary neuron of trigeminal touch pathway = decussates in pons

2ndary neuron of trigeminal pain/temp pathway = decussates in medulla

Nervous System (7 decks)

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