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Bones > Nervous A&P > Flashcards

Nervous A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Integrative
  3. Motor
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2
Q

Parts of the CNS

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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3
Q

Parts of the PNS

A
  1. Cranial nerves
  2. Spinal nerves
  3. Ganglia
  4. Enteric Plexuses in small intestine
  5. Sensory Receptors in skin
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4
Q

Structure and location of multipolar nerves

A

1) Have MANY dendrites and 1 axon

2) Most common type in brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

Structure and location of bipolar nerves?

A

1) Have 1dendrite and 1 axon

2) Example: In retina of eye and inner ear

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6
Q

Structure , Function and location of unipolar

A
  1. Have one fused dendrite and one axon
    Ex. Sensory Neurons of spinal nerves (31)
  2. Most function as sensory receptors that detect a sensory stimulus such as touch, pressure, pain, or thermal stimuli.
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7
Q

What are the types of CNS neuroglia?

A

Ass, O-ring, micropenis, E-Pen stuck in there

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglial cells
  4. Ependymal cells
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8
Q

What are the types of PNS neuroglia?

A
  1. Schwann cells
  2. Satellite cells
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9
Q

What is the the function of Astrocytes?

A

form blood brain barrier

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10
Q

Fn of oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin sheath

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11
Q

fn of migroglial cells

A

phagocytes in the CNS

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12
Q

fn of ependymal cells

A

for CSF in ventricles

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13
Q

fn of schwann cells

A

produce myelin around PNS axons

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14
Q

Fn of Satellite cells

A

support neuros in PNS ganglia

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15
Q

What are the requirements for an action potential

A
  1. A resting membrane potential (charge difference across cell membrane)
  2. Ion channels (leakage and gated channels)
  3. stimulus causing Sodium to enter, so cell membrane reaches -55mV threshold
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16
Q

Number of Pairs Cervica, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal Nerves

A

C-8
T-12
L-5
S-5
C-1

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17
Q

Cervical Plexus supplies

A

(a) Cervical plexus supplies the skin and muscles of the head, neck, upper part of the shoulder and chest

1) Example: Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5) innervates the diaphragm to contract.

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18
Q

Brachial plexus responsible for

A

upper limbs, some neck and shoulder muscles

1) Examples: Radial nerve (C5-T1), Ulnar nerve (C8-T1), and Axillary Nerve

19
Q

Lumbar plexus responsible for

A

Abdominal wall, external genitals, and parts of the lower limbs

1) Example: Femoral nerve (L1-L4)

20
Q

Sacral plexus responsible for

A

Buttocks, perineum and most of lower limbs

1) Example: the largest nerve in the body; sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

2) Some spinal nerves branches extend directly to body structures

21
Q

Importance of Spinal nerves T2-12

A

Spinal nerves T2-T12 do not form plexuses
Called intercostal nerves
Supply abdominal muscles, skin of chest and back, and muscles between ribs.

22
Q

What are the major parts of the brain?

A

(1) Brain Stem

(2) Diencephalon

(3) Cerebellum

(4) Cerebrum

23
Q

Parts of the brain stem?

A

Medulla Oblongada

Pons

Mid-brain

24
Q

Parts of the Diencaphalon

A

Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Epithalamus (pineal gland)

25
Q

The layers of the meninges are called:

A

(outer): Dura mater
(middle) Arachnoid mater
(inner) Pia mater

26
Q

Location of subarachnoid space

A

Arachnoid mater & Pia mater

27
Q

What fills the subarachnoid space

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

28
Q

Precentral gyrus anterior to sulcus: primary

A

primary motor area

29
Q

Postcentral gyrus: primary

A

primary somatosensory area

30
Q

Function of CN 1

A

Smell

31
Q

Function of CN 2

A

Vision

32
Q

Function of CN 3

A

Motor-control of eye movement

33
Q

Function of CN 4

A

Motor-control of eye movement

34
Q

Function of CN 5

A

(1) sensory: Touch, pain, pressure, hot, cold on face

(2) Motor: To muscles used for chewing

35
Q

Function of CN 6

A

Motor-control of eye movement

36
Q

Function of CN 7

A

(1) Special sensory (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue

(2) Motor to muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and some salivary glands

37
Q

Function of CN 8

A

(1) Vestibular branch: Sensory for equilibrium

(2) Cochlear branch: Sensory for hearing

38
Q

Function of CN 9

A

(1) Sensory for posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, and palate

(2) Sensory for blood pressure: Located in the carotid bodies

(3) Motor to pharyngeal muscles (swallowing), salivary gland (parotid)

39
Q

Function of CN 10

A

(1) Sensory from pharynx, ear, diaphragm, visceral organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities

(2) Motor to palatal and pharyngeal muscles (swallowing and voice); to viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

40
Q

Function of CN 11

A

Motor to voluntary muscles including sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (move head, shoulders)

41
Q

Function of CN 11

A

Motor to voluntary muscles including sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (move head, shoulders)

42
Q

Function of CN 12

A

Motor to tongue (swallowing and speech)

43
Q
  1. DESCRIBE the function of the sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
A

(a) Increase heart rate and contraction, and blood pressure (BP)

(b) Dilate pupils

(c) Dilate airways

(d) Dilate vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, liver and adipose tissue

(e) Constrict blood vessels to nonessential organs: skin, GI tract, kidneys

(f) Mobilize nutrients for energy: glucose and fats

44
Q
  1. DESCRIBE the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
A

a. Parasympathetic Effects:

(1) Rest-and-digest activities:

(a) SLUDD

1) Salivation

2) Lacrimation

3) Urination

4) Digestion

5) Defecation

(b) Decrease heart rate, airway diameter, pupil diameter

Bones (6 decks)

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