Nerves,synapses and neurotransmitters

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

1. Sensory
2. Integrative
3. Motor

Question 2

Sensory

Answer 2

knows what is happening

Question 3

Integrative

Answer 3

makes decisions based on the sensory input, and then instructs the motor system to do something

Question 4

motor

Answer 4

does something

Question 5

2 Divisions of the nervous systems

Answer 5

1. Central nervous systems

2. Peripheral nervous systems

Question 6

Central nervous system

Answer 6

brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 7

all neural tissue outside the CNS

Question 8

Afferent

Answer 8

brings sensory information to the CNS from the receptors situated in skin, muscle and visceral organs

Question 9

Efferent

Answer 9

sends information to the muscles and glands

Question 10

Somatic nervous system

Answer 10

controls skeletal muscle movement

responsible for voluntary and involuntary movements

Question 11

Autonomic nervous system

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Answer 11

controls subconscious action
smooth and cardiac muscle function
glandular secretions

Question 12

Neural tissue contains 2 types of cells

Answer 12

1. neurons

2. neuroglia

Question 13

Neuron cell

Answer 13

cells that send and receive signals

Question 14

Neuroglia cell

Answer 14

cells that support and protect neurons

Question 15

Myelin sheath

Answer 15

covers the axon
is a fatty substance
white in colour

Question 16

Cell body and dendrites

Answer 16

have no myelin colour
the ‘true’ colour of nerves
grey on colour

Question 17

Myelin white matter

Answer 17

myelinated nerve fibres

Question 18

Myelin grey matter

Answer 18

unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites

Question 19

Axons

Answer 19

axons of many individuals neurons run together

Question 20

How do neurons communicate

Answer 20

synapses

Question 21

synapse

Answer 21

axon terminals

specific structure that allows a neuron to communicate with another cell

Question 22

3 thing in a synapse

Answer 22

1. presynaptic cell
2. postsynaptic cell
3. synaptic cleft

Question 23

Presynaptic cell

Answer 23

neuron that send message

Question 24

postsynaptic cell

Answer 24

cell that receives message

Question 25

Synaptic cleft

Answer 25

the small gap that seperates the presynaptic membrane

Question 26

Neurotransmitters

Answer 26

ecite or inibit the postsynaptic neuron/ cell

drugs may mimic, enhance or dampen down the effect of neurotransmitters

Question 27

What are neurotransmitters released from?

Answer 27

axon terminal
triggers a response
effect is transmitted