Nerves and Arteries of the Plantar Foot

Question 1

What is the largest of the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

Answer 1

medial plantar nerve

Question 2

the medial plantar nerve passes from its origin under the flexor retinaculum to a position deep to what structure?

Answer 2

abductor hallucis

Question 3

what innervates flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 3

medial plantar nerve: 1st proper plantar digital nerve

also has sensory to medial side of the 1st digit

Question 4

medial plantar nerve supplies motor branches to what muscles?

Answer 4

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
felxor hallucis brevis
1st lumbrical

Question 5

the medial plantar nerve gives off what branches?

Answer 5

3 common plantar digital nerves

that divide into 2 proper digital nerves to serve interspaces 1-3

Question 6

what gives off the 1st proper plantar digital nerve? what gives off 10th proper plantar digital nerve?

Answer 6

1st- directly off teh medial plantar nerve

10th- from lateral plantar nerve

Question 7

the 1st common plantar digital nerve divides into what?

Answer 7

2nd and 3rd proper plantar digital nerves

Question 8

what is the smaller branch of the tibial nerve?

Answer 8

lateral plantar nerve

Question 9

the lateral plantar nerve passes anteriorly to the lateral side fo the foot, between which structures?

Answer 9

flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae

Question 10

the lateral plantar nerve divides into superficial and dep branches between what structures?

Answer 10

flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi

Question 11

the superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve provides what branches to the foot?

Answer 11

-proper plantar digital nerve to the skin of the lateral surface of the 5th digit (aka 10th proper plantar digital)
AND the 4th common plantar digital nerve
AND muscular branches to flexor digiti minimi brevis and the 2 interossei of 4th intermetatarsal space

Question 12

Name where each of the proper plantar digital nerves come from.

Answer 12

1st- from medial plantar n.
2&3- from 1st common plantar digital (from medial plantar n.)
4&5- from 2nd common plantar digital (from m. plantar n.)
6&7-from 3rd common plantar digital (from m. plantar n.)
8&9- from 4th common plantar digital (from lateral plantar n.)
10- from lateral plantar n.

Question 13

where does the 4th common plantar digital n. arise from?

Answer 13

superficial branch of lateral plantar n.

Question 14

the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve sneds muscular branches to where?

Answer 14

lumbricals 2-4
adductor hallucis
all the interossei (except those in the 4th met space which is supplied by superifcial branch)

Question 15

what is the terminal branch of the popliteal artery?

Answer 15

posterior tibial artery

Question 16

describe the course of the popliteal artery.

Answer 16

passes deep to the soleus muscle, descending obliquely through the leg towards the medial side

Question 17

what are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 17

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 18

which branches of the posterior tibial artery supply the ankle and foot?

Answer 18

1. peroneal
2. posterior medial malleolar
3. medial calcaneal
4. artery of the tarsal canal
5. medial plantar
6. lateral plantar

Question 19

the peroneal artery divides into 2 branches, what are they?

Answer 19

perforating branch and posterior branch

Question 20

what does the perforating branch of the peroneal artery anastomose with?

Answer 20

anterior lateral malleolar branch of the anterior tibial artery

Question 21

the posterior branch of the peroneal artery terminates by giving rise to what arteries?

Answer 21

posterior lateral malleolar and lateral calcaneal arteries

Question 22

which is larger/smaller of the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 22

medial plantar artery is smaller

but recall that medial plantar NERVE is larger than lateral plantar n.

Question 23

Where does the medial plantar artery arise ?

Answer 23

deep to the flexor retinaculum between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus

Question 24

the proximal part of the medial plantar artery is located deep to what structure?

Answer 24

abductor hallucis muscle

Question 25

the medial plantar artery gives off small muscular branches to what muscle?

Answer 25

abductor hallucis muscle

Question 26

when does medial plantar artery give off its superficial an deep branch?

Answer 26

after crossing the tendon of FDL

Question 27

what are the 2 terminal branches of the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery?

Answer 27

superficial tibial plantar artery | common plantar digital artery

Question 28

which artery gives rise to the superficial plantar arch?

Answer 28

common plantar digital artery (from superficial branch of medial plantar a.)

Question 29

The superficial tibial plantar artery can anastomose with what? or continue along the medial side as what?

Answer 29

can anastomose with the 1st plantar metatarsal artery or continue distally along the medial side of the 1st toe as the 1st proper plantar digital artery

Question 30

where does the 1st proper plantar digital artery arise from?

Answer 30

superficial tibial plantar artery

Question 31

the superficial plantar arch gives off what branches?

Answer 31

3 superficial plantar digital arteries

Question 32

where do the superficial plantar digital arteries terminate?

Answer 32

anastomose with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd plantar metatarsal arteries of the deep plantar arch

Question 33

what does the superficial arch anastomose with to complete it laterally?

Answer 33

superficial branch of the lateral plantar artery

Question 34

what is the ramus profundus?

Answer 34

deep branch of the medial plantar artery

Question 35

the ramus profundus divides into what branches?

Answer 35

tibial and lateral branch

Question 36

what does the tibial branch anastomose with?

Answer 36

tibial branch travels along the medial side of the foot until the 1st metatarsal bone where it anastomoses with the 1st plantar metatarsal artery

Question 37

the 1st plantar metatarsal artery receives anastomoses from what 3 structures?

Answer 37

1. tibial branch (of lateral br. of ramus profundus) 2. superficial plantar digital 3. possibly the superficial tibial plantar

Question 38

where does the lateral branch of ramus profundus anastomose with?

Answer 38

medial side of the deep plantar arch

Question 39

where does the lateral plantar artery divide into a lateral and medial branch?

Answer 39

close to the base of the 5th met

Question 40

what is the lateral branch of the lateral plantar artery called?

Answer 40

superficial fibular plantar artery

Question 41

the superficial fibular plantar artery becomes what?

Answer 41

10th proper plantar digital artery

Question 42

recall what artery becomes the 1st & 10th proper plantar digital artery?

Answer 42

1st --> from superficial tibial plantar artery | 10th --> from superficial fibular plantar artery

Question 43

what artery gives rise to the deep plantar arch?

Answer 43

medial branch of the lateral plantar artery

Question 44

the deep plantar arch is completed by anastomosis with what?

Answer 44

deep plantar branch of DP artery | and lateral branch of the ramus profundus of medial plantar artery

Question 45

which perforating artereis are branches of the deep plantar arch?

Answer 45

``` 3 posterior (proximal) perforating arteries *note that there is no posterior perforating artery in the 1st interosseous space because the deep plantar artery DP takes its place ```

Question 46

how many plantar metatarsal arteries are there? where do they come from?

Answer 46

4 plantar metatarsal arteries - come from deep plantar arch

Question 47

how many distal (anterior) perforating arteires are there? where do they come from?

Answer 47

4 distal (anterior) perforating arteries- come from the plantar metatarsal arteries

Question 48

the plantar metatarsal arteries divide into what?

Answer 48

2nd-9th proper plantar digital arteries | think about where the 1st and 10th proper plantar digital arteries come from!