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HOM > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Full Nernst equation?

A

RT/zF x ln(C ref/C test)

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2
Q

Short Nernst equation?

A

58log(C ref/C test)

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3
Q

Goldman equation?

A

RT/F x ln (Pk x [K0])/(Pk x [K1]) etc.

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4
Q

Threshold potential?

A

-55mV

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5
Q

Equilibrium potential of Ca?

A

150

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6
Q

Equilibrium potential of Na?

A

58

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7
Q

Equilibrium potential of H?

A

-12

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8
Q

Equilibrium potential of Cl?

A

-64

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9
Q

Equilibrium potential of K?

A

-90

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10
Q

How many coulombs is one mole of electrons - the Faraday constant?

A

96500

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11
Q

The two types of muscle fibres?

A

Extrafusal generates force, spindle/stretch send info back to spinal cord

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12
Q

Capacitance=?

A

charge/voltage

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13
Q

Capacitance of biomembranes?

A

1 micro Farad

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14
Q

Time to diffuse xcm?

A

x^2/2D (where D=diffusion constant)

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15
Q

What is the time constant?

A

Rm x Cm, time to change voltage by 63%

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16
Q

If Na conc increases x10, what’s the equilibrium potential change?

A

58mV

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17
Q

Iion?

A

Gion x (Vm - Eion)

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18
Q

What is the length constant?

A

63% change or sqrt(Rm/Ri)

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19
Q

What is the critical diameter?

A

Below 1 micron

20
Q

What do F type primary active transporters do?

A

ATP synthase in mitochondria, mechanism involves rotation

21
Q

What do V type primary active transporters do?

A

Transports H+ > vesicles e.g. lysosomes, golgi

22
Q

What do P type primary active transporters do?

A

Na+ and Ca2+ pumps, both have low conc inside cell

23
Q

What are ABC transporters?

A

Have motif in structure, either uses ATP or has it as cofactor

24
Q

What are SLC transporters?

A

No role for ATP, get energy from electrochemical gradient, can be cotransporter, antiporter or Na-dependent glutamate uptake transporter (removed excess glutamate in glial cells)

25
Q

How is intracellular K+ regulated?

A

Blood K+, controlled blood osmolarity, Na+ pump

26
Q

Another word for exchanger?

A

Antiporter

27
Q

Another word for cotransporter?

A

Symporter

28
Q

Which muscle cell types are electrical synapses found between?

A

Smooth and cardiac

29
Q

Where is the end plate?

A

Presynaptic terminal

30
Q

Other names for the post-synaptic potential?

A

End plate potential or excitatory junctional potential

31
Q

What are connections between electrical synapses called?

A

Connexons

32
Q

What is an excitatory integratory synpase compared to a relay synapse?

A

Depolarises motoneurone but not always creating an action potential WHEREAS relay synapses always fire an action potential

33
Q

What initiates muscle action in striated muscle?

A

EPP

34
Q

Which channels do inhibitory transmitters open?

A

Cl-

35
Q

What kind of synapse is an end plate?

A

Relay - always excites muscle

36
Q

What kind of an end plate is a sensory synapse?

A

Integratory - only causes small excitation

37
Q

What are ionotropic receptors?

A

Where receptor itself is an ion channel

38
Q

What are metabotropic receptors?

A

Where the receptor starts a cascade to open an ion channel

39
Q

What is the most potent inhibitor?

A

GABA

40
Q

Is glutamate excitatory or inhibtory?

A

Excitatory almost everywhere

41
Q

What kind of an ion channel is nAchR?

A

Fast excitatory ionotropic

42
Q

What kind of an ion channel is mAchR?

A

SLow ex/in metabotropic?

43
Q

What are the three gases in neurotransmission?

A

CO, NO, H2S

44
Q

What/where are NA synapses?

A

Slow synaptic transmitter in CNS and smooth and cardiac muscle

45
Q

What/where are serotonin synapses?

A

Slow, in CNS and smooth muscle. Many different receptors, only one is ionotropic

46
Q

What/where are dopamine receptors?

A

SLow synaptic transmission in central and periphery NS

HOM (7 decks)

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