nerve tissue practice questions Flashcards
Which part of the neuron contains Nissl bodies?
soma
What type of synapse directly allows ions to pass from one neuron to another?
electrical synapse
The blood-brain barrier primarily consists of
Endothelial tight junctions
What protein is responsible for anterograde transport in neurons?
kinesin
Which neuroglial cell is responsible for myelination in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
The parasympathetic nervous system is also known as:
Craniosacral division
Which of the following ions is most responsible for depolarization during an action potential?
Sodium
Why Not Other Ions?
- Ca is involved in neurotransmitter release, not the main driver of depolarization.
- K is responsible for repolarization, bringing the membrane potential back to negative.
- Cl is inhibitory and makes the membrane more negative, opposing depolarization.
Hence, K is responsible for depolarization in action potentials
What part of the neuron generates action potentials?
Axon hillock
Which division of the nervous system regulates digestive movements?
enteric division
What is the role of the perineurium?
Forming a blood-nerve barrier
Where are Purkinje cells found?
Cerebellum
The primary function of tanycytes is
producing CSF
What structure in the neuron prevents the backward flow of an action potential?
Refractory period
The neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.
acetylcholine
The process of transporting substances from the axon terminal to the soma.
Retrograde transport
The type of synapse that uses neurotransmitters.
Chemical synapse
The part of the spinal cord that contains motor neuron cell bodies.
Ventral horn
The neurotransmitter primarily responsible for inhibitory signals in the CNS.
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers.
Endoneurium
The neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation and is linked to depression when deficient.
Serotonin
The phenomenon where an action potential cannot be initiated immediately after another.
Refractory period
The insulating layer that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
myelin sheath
The type of neuron that has only one axon and one dendrite, commonly found in sensory organs.
bipolar neuron
The term for the regrowth of damaged peripheral nerves, which occurs more effectively than in the CNS.
Neural regeneration
The process by which a neuron resets its membrane potential after depolarization.
Repolarization
The specific type of glial cell that acts as the immune defense in the CNS.
Microglia
The specialized structure in axon terminals that stores neurotransmitters before release.
Synaptic vesicle
The component of the blood-brain barrier that restricts the movement of substances from the bloodstream into the CNS.
Tight junctions of endothelial cells
The neurotransmitter that is the primary excitatory chemical in the CNS.
Glutamate
The class of receptors that neurotransmitters bind to, causing a conformational change leading to ion flow.
Ionotropic receptors
