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CMM exam 3 > Nerve tissue > Flashcards

Nerve tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Neural plate forms neural tube via process called?

A

Neurulation

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2
Q

_ form the muscles, ribs, vertebra, skin

A

Somites

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3
Q

_ give rise to sensory ganglia and glial cells in PNS

A

Crest cells

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4
Q

_ are non-conducting cells that divide and support/protect neurons

A

Neuroglia

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5
Q

Majority of neurons in humans are

A

Multipolar

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6
Q

Multipolar neurons(2)
Each involved in what?

A
  • Pyramidal(memory, learning)
  • Purkinje(motor movement)
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7
Q

Bipolar neurons involved in?

A

Sight, smell, hearing, balance

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8
Q

Unipolar neurons involved in?

A

Touch/pain(peripheral)

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9
Q

Example of anaxonic neurons

A

Amacrine cells in retina

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10
Q

Structure of -
Sensory:
Interneurons:
Motor neurons:

A
  • Most unipolar, some bipolar
  • Multipolar
  • Multipolar
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11
Q

Perikaryon(Cell body) made of(3)

A
  • Organelles
  • Nissl substance
  • Inclusions(Lipofuschin, melanin)
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12
Q

Alzheimer’s deposits(2)

A
  • Plaques(B-amyloid)
  • Neurofibrillary tangles(Tau proteins)
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13
Q

Network of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, synapses, glial cells with low cell bodies

A

Neuropil

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14
Q

Neurofibrils(3)
What is each composed of?

A
  • Microtubules(tubulin)
  • Neurofilaments(IF)
  • Microfilaments(actin)
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15
Q

T/F: Neurons and glial cells have neurofilaments.

A

False. Only neurons. Neurofilaments are a marker for differentiation

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16
Q

What is used in anterograde tracing?
What is used is retrograde tracing?

A
  • Wheat germ agglutinin, phaseolus vulgaris
  • HRP, fluorscent dye, viral strains
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17
Q

Injury to a nerve fiber that damages axonal transport causes _

A

Wallerian degeneration

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18
Q

If the axon fails to regenerate, it forms a _

A

Neuroma

19
Q

Most numerous glia _
They are found near _

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Capillaries
20
Q

2 types of astocytes

A
  • Fibrous(white matter)
  • Protoplasmic(Gray matter)
21
Q

Marker for astrocytes

A

GFAP

22
Q

_ astrocytes processes that regulate blood flow in brain and attach to capillaries

A

Perivascular feet

23
Q

BBB consists of

A

Perivascular feet + endothelial cells + basement membrane

24
Q

_ astrocyte processes beneath pia mater

A

Subpial feet/Glia limitans

25
Q

Astrocytes cause scar upon injury via a process called _

A

Gliosis

26
Q

Marker of oligodendrocytes

A

Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte binding protein

27
Q

T/F: One oligodendrocyte can myelinate many axon segments

A

True

28
Q

_ main immune cell of CNS that secrete chemokines, NO, ROS

A

Microglia

29
Q

In a healthy brain, microglia are _ structure
Upon injury they _

A
  • Ramified
  • Become hyper-ramified, bushy, amoeboid
30
Q

_ produce and regulate CSF
_ control fluid release

A
  • Ependymal cells(Choroid plexus)
  • Tight junctions
31
Q

_ support cell bodies in ganglia

A

Satellite cells

32
Q

_ originate from neural crest and support peripheral axons

A

Schwan cells(neurolemmocytes)

33
Q

Outer cytoplasmic layer of schwan cells that are wrapped around an axon _

A

Neurilemma

34
Q

T/F: Synapses occur everywhere in the NS

A

False. Except in dorsal root ganglia

35
Q

Axons of motor neurons terminate in branches of axons called

A

Terminal arborizations

36
Q

Myelin stain _
Neuron/processes stain _
Cell body stain _

A
  • Weigert
  • Golgi
  • Nissl
37
Q

Cells in layer 4 of cerebral cortex
Layer 5?
Layer 3?
Both layers 3,5?

A
  • Stellate cells
  • Betz cells
  • Chandelier cells
  • Basket cells
38
Q

Betz cells form the _ that is responsible for voluntary motor movement

A

Corticospinal tract

39
Q

Arachnoid mater has _ in contact with dura and _ continuous with pia
Around trabeculae, there is the _

A
  • CT, Trabeculae
  • Subarachnoid space
40
Q

Pia mater is separated from neural elements by _

A

Glia limitans

41
Q

Blood vessels penetrate CNS through _

A

Perivascular spaces

42
Q

_ small cytoplasm pockets left behind during schwan cell myelination

A

Schmidt-laterman incisures

43
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles?
Merkle’s corpuscles?
Pacinian corpuscles?
Ruffini corpuscles?
Krause end bulb?

A
  • Light touch
  • Touch
  • Deep pressure, vibrations
  • Warmth, pressure(hair)
  • Cold
44
Q

ENS has 2 plexuses

A

Myenteric, submucosal

CMM exam 3 (14 decks)

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