Nerve & Local Anesthetics focused Flashcards
Function of type A fibers
alpha- proprioception, motor
beta- touch, pressure
gamma- muscle tone
delta- pain, cold temp, touch
Function of type B fibers
preganglionic autonomic vasomotor (SNS)
Function of type C fibers
Postganglionic vasomotor (SNS) pain, warm, cold temp, touch (dorsal root)
Which types of fibers are myelinated?
Type A have HEAVY myelination
Type B have light myelination
Which types of fibers are unmyelinated?
Type C fibers
What is the diameter of type A fibers: Alpha: Beta: Gamma: Delta:
Alpha - 6-22mm
Beta - 6-22mm
Gamma - 3-6mm
Delta - 1-5mm
What is the diameter of type B fibers?
<3mm
What is the diameter of type C fibers?
SNS - 0.3-1.3mm
Dorsal root - 0.4-1.2mm
What is the block onset of type A fibers: Alpha: Beta: Gamma: Delta:
Alpha - Last
Beta - Intermediate
Gamma - Intermediate
Delta - Intermediate
What is the block onset of type B fibers?
Early
What is the block onset of type C fibers?
Early
What are the 4 subtypes of type A fibers?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
What type of fibers are blocked first?
Type B
What are 5 ester local anesthetics?
procaine chloroprocaine tetracaine cocaine benzocaine
What are 6 amide local anesthetics
lidocaine mepivacaine prilocaine bupivacaine ropivacaine articaine
Maximum dose of lidocaine
4mg/kg
Maximum dose of Mepivacaine
4mg/kg
Maximum dose of Bupivacaine
3mg/kg
Maximum dose of Ropivacaine
3mg/kg
Maximum dose of Procaine
12mg/kg
Maximum dose of Chloroprocaine
11mg/kg
Maximum dose of Prilocaine
7mg/kg
Maximum dose of tetracaine
3mg/kg
Maximum dose of lidocaine with epinephrine
7mg/kg
Maximum dose of mepivacaine with epinephrine
7mg/kg
Maximum dose of bupivacaine with epinephrine
n/a
Maximum dose of ropivacaine with epinephrine
n/a
Maximum dose of procaine with epinephrine
n/a
Maximum dose of chloroprocaine with epinephrine
14mg/kg
Maximum dose of prilocaine with epinephrine
8.5mg/kg
Maximum dose of tetracaine and epinephrine
n/a
What is the pKa, ionized %, and protein binding % of procaine?
pKa 8.9
97% ionized
6% protein binding
What is the pKa, ionized %, and protein binding % of tetracaine?
pKa 8.5
93% ionized
94% protein binding
What is the pKa, ionized %, and protein binding % of lidocaine?
pKa 7.9
76% ionized
64% protein binding
What is the pKa, ionized %, and protein binding % of bupivacaine?
pKa 8.1
83% ionized
95% protein binding
Duration of action of procaine
60-90min
Duration of action of chloroprocaine
30-60min
Duration of action of tetracaine
180-600min
3-10H
Duration of action of lidocaine
90-120min
Duration of action of mepivacaine
120-240min
2-4H
Duration of action of ropivacaine
180-600min
3-10H
Duration of action of bupivacaine
180-600min
3-10H
What patients should NOT get prilocaine?
< 6yo
pregnant women
patients taking oxidizing drugs
What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia from prilocaine?
methylene blue 1-2mg/kg over 3-10 minutes
What can prilocaine cause?
methemoglobinemia d/t metabolite o-toluidine
Effect of lidocaine plasma concentration 1-5mcg/mL
Analgesia
Effect of lidocaine plasma concentration 5-10mcg/mL
circumoral numbness tinnitis skeletal muscle twitching systemic hypotension myocardial depression
Effect of lidocaine plasma concentration 10-15mcg/mL
seizures
unconsciousness
Effect of lidocaine plasma concentration 15-25mcg/mL
apnea
coma
Effect of lidocaine plasma concentration of >25mcg/mL
cardiovascular depression