Nerve Influence on Motor Speech Disorders Flashcards
What are the 6 cranial nerves that play a vital role in speech production
Trigeminal nerve
Facial Nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Location of Trigeminal nerve
Attached to the pons at the brainstem level
3 branches of the trigeminal nerve
-Ophthalmic branch
-Maxillary branch
-Mandibular branch
Which of the trigeminal nerve branches is most important for speech, how so?
Mandibular branch
It innervates the muscles of the lower jaw and velum
Location of the facial nerve
Extends from the brainstem below the trigeminal nerve
Two branches of the facial nerve
Cervicofacial branch
Temporofacial branch
Location of the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve
Originates in brainstem at medulla, coursing out to the pharynx
3 branches of the vagus nerve
-Pharyngeal branch
-Superior laryngeal nerve branch
-Recurrent laryngeal nerve branch
Which of the vagus nerve branches facilitates velum and pharynx movement
Pharyngeal branch
Which of the vagus nerve branches facilitates VF adduction
Recurrent laryngeal nerve branch
Location of the accessory nerve
Originates at the medulla below the vagus nerve
Location of the hypoglossal nerve
Originates in the medulla
5 common causes of cranial nerve damage
-Brainstem stroke
-growing tumor
-viral or bacterial infections, damaging the LMN tissue
-physical trauma
-surgical injury
If the trigeminal cranial nerve is damages, what could happen
-Unilateral damage will cause weakness or paralysis in the jaw and velar muscles
-Bilateral damage will cause insufficient raising of the jaw to produce most consonants and vowels
If the facial nerve is damaged what could happen
-Unilateral weakness or paralysis in all face muscles
-Drooping of eyelid, mouth, cheeks, etc
-Reduces lip strength and range of movement, affecting articulation
If the glossopharyngeal nerve is damaged what is the affect?
The pharynx muscles and any use of tongue during articulation will be impaired, which causes imprecise consonant production
If the glossopharyngeal nerve is damaged, what other cranial nerve is damaged often
Vagus nerve
If the vagus nerve is damaged, what is the result
Pharyngeal branch damage will affect velum movement (resonance deficit)
SLN damage will affect pitch
RLN damage will affect VF adduction, causing breathy phonation
If the accessory nerve is damaged, what is the affect
Impaired resonance, pitch control, and breathy voice quality
Damage to the accessory nerve will also affect which cranial nerve
Vagus nerve
If the hypoglossal nerve is damaged, what is the possible result
Tongue weakness or paralysis
Imprecise articulation, phoneme distortion, or slow lingual movements
Reduced lip strength and range of movement, affecting articulation
Which of the spinal nerves are most important for speech production
Phrenic nerves
Generally, what is the affect of spinal nerve damage & what is the exception
Generally, only widespread damage will cause significant damage to spinal nerves
Exception: phrenic nerves
Phrenic nerve damage is most associated with…
Reduced air supply
What are 4 things phrenic spinal nerve damage commonly causes
- paralyzed diaphragm
- decreased loudness
- shortened vocal quality
- Breathy or strained vocal quality
Function of the Trigeminal nerve
Controls the TMJ/Jaw, cheeks, and forehead
Sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue
Function of the facial nerve
facial expressions
Taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue
Function of glossopharyngeal nerve
taste and sensation of posterior 1/3of tongue
Soft palate muscles
Function of the vagus nerve
Sensation and movement of laryngeal and pharyngeal stuctures
Function of the accessory nerve
Neck and shoulder movements
Function of the vagus nerve
Sensation and movement of laryngeal and pharyngeal structures
