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Motor Speech Disorders > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

What are the 12 cranial

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

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3
Q

Primary function of the olfactory CN

A

smell

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4
Q

Primary function of the optic CN

A

vision

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5
Q

Primary function of the oculomotor CN

A

eyelid opening, eyeball motion up and down

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6
Q

Primary function of the Trochlear CN

A

Eye motion up and down

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7
Q

Branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

-ophthalmic
-Maxillary
-Mandibular

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8
Q

Primary function of the trigeminal CN

A

-TMJ/jaw movements and senssation
-Forehead movements; facial movements
-Cheeks

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9
Q

Primary function of the abducent CN

A

Eye movements outward (abduction)

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10
Q

Primary function of the facial CN

A

Facial expression (kissy face, puffer face, pout face)
Hyoid elevation
Salivary glands
Mandibular depression

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11
Q

Primary function of vestibulocochlear CN

A

Balance & hearing

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12
Q

Primary function of the glossopharyngeal CN

A

Pharyngeal constrictors
Pharyngeal muscles moving it up and down
Taste/sensation posterior 1/3 of tongue

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13
Q

Primary function of the vagus CN

A

Taste receptor in posterior oral cavity
Laryngeal muscles

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14
Q

Primary function of the accessory CN

A

Neck and shoulder movements

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15
Q

Primary function of the hypoglossal CN

A

tongue movements

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16
Q

How to assess the oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

A

Look for eyelid drooping
Pt moves eyes up, down, inward

17
Q

How to assess trochlear nerve (CN 4)

A

Pt looks towards nose
Pt looks up and down

18
Q

How to assess trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

A

Cotton swab test or pinprick test- touch lower gum and mandible
Tongue anterior tongue on both sides
Observe masseter at rest, observe chewing, bite down
Pt avoids mouth forced open, then avoids mouth forced closed
Pt protrudes jaw out

19
Q

how to assess facial nerve (CN 7)

A

Have pt make facial expressions: wrinkle forehead when looking up, raise eyebrows, kissy face, puffer fish face (maintain air seal), show teeth
Cotton swab test with taste on front of tongue

20
Q

How to assess glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

A

Contributes to cough reflex
Cotton swab vs tongue depressor tonguing posterior tongue– ask pt if material is hard and soft
Cotton swabs with taste on the back of tongue
Say /ah/ and look for palatal movement

21
Q

How to assess vagus nerve (CN 10)

A

Observe gag reflex
Listen for resonance voice problems
Cough hard and test for glottal closure
Hold phonation and listen for problems in voice: gurgle, wet, breathy, hoarse, stridor, monopitch, tremor
Test /k and g/ sounds to test hard palate
observe swallowing and palate for reduced elevation and delay in swallowing response
Say /ah/ and look for palatal movement

22
Q

How to assess accessory nerve (CN 11)

A

Turn head
Raise shoulders (shrug)

23
Q

How to assess hypoglossal nerve (cn 12)

A

Stick out tongue (tremor or fasciculations)
Use tongue depressor to test ability to resist movement of tongue
Test tongues range of motion (side to side, retract on roof of mouth)

24
Q

Potential signs of damage in olfactory nerve (CN 1)

A

Ansomia- inability to smell

25
Q

Potential signs of damage in optic nerve (CN 2)

A

Blindness

26
Q

Potential signs of damage in oculomotor nerve (CN3 )

A

Ptosis
Diplopia

27
Q

Potential signs of damage in trochlear (CN 4)

A

Diplopia
Weakness of downward eye movement
Affected eye drifts upwards

28
Q

Potential signs of damage in trigeminal (CN 5)

A

Facial anesthesia
Loss of temperature and pain sensation
Loss of sensation of superficial and deep structures
Loss of sensation in anterior 2/3 of tongue
Any weaknesses, asymmetry, tremor, fasciculations in jaw
Weak jaw closure and lateralization
Loss or weaak mastication

29
Q

Potential signs of damage in abducent nerve (CN 6)

A

medial eye deviation

30
Q

Potential signs of damage in facial nerve (CN 7)

A

paralysis of facial nerve muscles
Poor labial retraction and pursing
Poor lip seal
Upper motor neuron damage > contralateral lower face
Lower motor neuron damage > ipsilateral upper and lower face, eye closure
Diminished jaw opening
Loss of taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

31
Q

Potential signs of damage in vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8)

A

Vertigo
Disequalibrium
Hearing loss

32
Q

Potential signs of damage in glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

A

Weak cough reflex
Loss of taste and sensation on posterior 1/3
May reduce gag reflex due to sensation (hyposensitivity or hypersensivitity)

33
Q

Potential signs of damage in vagus nerve (CN 10)

A

Loss of gag reflex (uvula will deviate to non-damaged side)
Loss of cough reflex
Hypernasality
Dysphonia (hoarse, breathy, wet, etc.)
Inability to vary pitch
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Impaired laryngeal closure
Impaired VF adduction

34
Q

Potential signs of damage to accessory nerve (CN 11)

A

Head turning weakness
Shoulder shrugging weakness

35
Q

Potential signs of damage to hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

A

Atrophy of tongue muscles
Fasciculations
Deviation of tongue to weak side

36
Q

Innervation of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

A
  1. Olfactory- sensory
  2. Optic- sensory
  3. Oculomotor- motor
  4. Trochlear- motor
  5. Trigeminal- both
  6. Abducent- motor
  7. Facial- both
  8. Vestibulocochlear- sensory
  9. Glossopharyngeal- both
    10, Vagus- both
  10. Accessory- motor
    12, Hypoglossal- motor

Motor Speech Disorders (7 decks)

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