Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards
The Nephrotic Syndrome
membranous nephropathy
minimal change dx
focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
dense deposit disease: type II MPGN
Membranous nephropathy
caused by an autoimmune response
often directed against the phospholipase A2 receptor on podocytes
characterized by granular subepithelial deposits of antibodies with GBM thickening and loss of foot processes but little or no inflammation
disease is often resistant to steroid therapy.
Minimal change disease
most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
manifested by proteinuria and effacement of glomerular foot processes without antibody deposits
pathogenesis is unknown
disease responds well to steroid therapy
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
maybe primary (podocyte injury by unknown mechanisms) or secondary (e.g., as a consequence of prior glomerulonephritis, hypertension or infection such as HIV)
glomeruli show focal and segmental obliteration of capillary lumens, and loss of foot processes
disease is often resistant to therapy and may progress to end-stage renal disease
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
most cases is the result of immune complex deposition in both mesangial regions and capillary walls
may be associated with systemic infections.
Dense deposit disease (type II MPGN)
unique permeation of glomerular basement membranes by electron dense material, primarily affects children and young adults
associated with acquired or genetic dysregulation of the alternate pathway of complement
nephrotic syndrome: chracterized by, underlying cause of injury, may be the result of (two things listed)
characterized by proteinuria, which results in hypoalbuminemia and edema
Podocyte injury is an underlying mechanism of proteinuria
may be the result of nonimmune causes (as in minimal-change disease and FSGS) or immune mechanisms (as in membranous nephropathy)
