Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards
What is the glomerular pathology clinic?
ProteinUria
Hematuria
Low GFR
What what is normal urine looks like
Yellow/white
Protein < 150 mg
No RBC
No smell
1010-1080
What causes increases protein in urine?
Fever
Exercise
Inflammation
Pregnancy
Puberty
Infection
What is the test types to detect proteinurie
24 hour urine sample
Dipstick test ==> Albumin
What is the microalbumin and macroalbumin
Microalbumin is between 30 and 300 mg
Macroalbumin is it higher than 300 mg
What are the proteinurie types?
Functional proteinUrie
Tubular proteinurie
Glomerular proteinurie
Overflow
What is the difference of selective and non-selective proteinuria
Selective is caused by basal membrane damage and results albumin in urine
Non-selective is caused by por damage in podocytes and results albumin and globulin in urine
What is the clinic pathogenesis?
Hypoalbimun
IG loss
AT3 loss
Transfer protein loss
Hyperlipidemia
Massive proteinuria
What is the theories of nephrotic syndrome pathologies
Overfill
Underfill
What is the main houses of primary nephrotic syndrome?
Minimal change disease
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membraneous nephropathy
What is MCD?
MCD is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children.
It will be triggered by allergy or virus.
ATypical , IgE and cytokine related damage in basal membrane.
Selective proteinuria
Good prognosis
Prednisone treatment
What is FSGS?
Adult
Have primary and secondary types podocyte damage
Non-selective protein Uria
Poor prognosis
MCD can be turned into FSGS
What is MN
Most common pathology in adult

Antigen- Anti-core for PLA2-R
Immune complex - IgG - C3 in between basal membrane and podocytes.
Non-selective
HBV , HCV, SLE, malignancy related
Treatment is you immune suppressive and prednisone
What is the difference between primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome?
Primary nephrotic syndrome is caused by kidney pathologies
Secondary nephrotic syndrome is caused by another system pathology . In secondary nephrotic syndrome there will be clinic signs of another pathology.
Main nephrotic pathology in diabetes mellitus
Hyperinsulinemia causes vasodilation and growth factors in the renal arteries. This causes overfilled and over filtration in nephron. Over filtration increases the size of por in podocytes.
Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in nephrons
